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CELL SPECIALISATION Noadswood Science, 2012 Monday, March 28, 2016 Cell Specialisation To know how cells can be specialised to suit their function Recap What parts of a cell are found within animal cells? Animal cells: Nucleus Cell membrane Cytoplasm Mitochondria Ribosomes Specialisation Can you think of any cells which are specialised? How are they specialised, and for what reason? Many organisms are multi-cellular - they are made up of lots of cells, not just one! Many of these cells are specialised, sharing out the life processes (they work together as a team, supporting the organism) Specialist cells occur in both animals and plants… Examples Using the microscopes, have a look at some specialised cells You do not need to write anything down, but see if you can identify what the cell looks like, and come up with a reason as to why it is specialised - how, and for what purpose? Animal Cells The table below shows some specialised animal cells Using your sheet, draw out the cells which have been identified… Animal Cell Cell Diagram Function Specialisation Red blood cells To carry oxygen Large surface area for oxygen Haemoglobin which binds the oxygen Lacks nucleus when mature Nerve cell To carry nerve impulses to different parts of the body Long Connections at each end Can carry electrical signals Female reproductive cell To join with a male cell, and then to provide food for the new cell that has formed Large Contains a large amount of cytoplasm Male reproductive cell To reach the female cell in order to join with it Long tail for swimming Head which is able to penetrate the female cell * Make the drawings as clear, and accurate as possible, including magnification Plant Cells The table below shows some specialised plant cells Using your sheet, draw out the cells which have been identified… Plant Cell Cell Diagram Function Root hair cell To absorb water and minerals Leaf cell To absorb sunlight (needed for photosynthesis) Specialisation Large surface area Large surface area Many chloroplasts (containing chlorophyll, needed for photosynthesis) * Make the drawings as clear, and accurate as possible, including magnification Bacteria What are bacteria? Bacteria are single celled organisms – they do not have DNA in a membrane bound nucleus and are termed prokaryotes (from the Greek meaning before nucleus) Their genetic material is in a long strand and is sometimes found in circles called plasmids Yeast What are yeast? Yeast are a single-celled organism in the fungi kingdom, containing a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and a cell wall… Cell Comparison Comparison of animal, plant, bacterial and fungal cells…