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March 18, 2013 As soon as you enter, QUIETLY and QUICKLY 1. Read the F.Q. and L.G.’s. 2. Answer the L.P. 3. Receive a stamp! You have 4 minutes. Weathering is the physical and chemical changes in rocks at Earth’s surface. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy The 2 types of weathering are physical and chemical. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Physical weathering is breaking rocks into smaller pieces without a change in composition. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Agents of physical weathering include Heat Water Ice Pressure Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Agents of physical weathering include Heat Water Ice Pressure Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Agents of physical weathering include Heat Water Ice Pressure Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Agents of physical weathering include Heat Water Ice Pressure Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Agents of physical weathering include Heat Water Ice And Pressure Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Abrasion – the grinding away of rock by friction with other rocks Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • What is exfoliation in the beauty world? “It’s when you remove dead skin cells so new healthy cells are shown.” Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Exfoliation is much like an onion losing layers. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which picture best represents exfoliation? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Answer! A. • Answer! A. B is ice wedging. • Which picture best represents exfoliation? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Answer! B. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Answer! B. A is Chemical Weathering. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • What happens if you leave a can of soda in the freezer? • ANSWER: The can will explode because water expands when it is frozen. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The increase in volume of ice is about 9%. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The increase in volume of ice is about 9%. This increase causes enough force to break most rigid containers. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The increase in volume of ice is about 9%. This increase causes enough force to break most rigid containers. This is the same force, repeated on a daily basis, that creates cracks in the roads in the winter. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Frost Wedging – water enters cracks in rocks, freezes, expands, and breaks rocks. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Frost wedging creates cracks and holds which you can use to rock climb! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • What is this a picture of? • What is this a picture of? • Answer: This is a picture of the Old Man of the Mountain in New Hampshire! Thermal Expansion – repeated heating and cooling of rocks results in stress and breakage. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which is exfoliation, and which is thermal expansion? A B Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Answer! Trick Question. Thermal expansion leads to sheeting / exfoliation. A B Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Root Wedging – Plant roots enter a crack, grow and expand the crack. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Root Wedging – Plant roots enter a crack, grow and expand the crack. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Root Wedging – Plant roots enter a crack, grow and expand the crack. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which picture best represents ice wedging, and which picture best represents root wedging? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which picture best represents ice wedging, and which picture best represents root wedging? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Root Wedging Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Root Wedging Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Root Wedging Frost Wedging Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Animal Activity – Animals mechanically wear away the rock. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Wind weathering – particles of sand, pebbles, and dust are carried by wind and cause abrasion. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy March 21, 2013 As soon as you enter, QUIETLY and QUICKLY 1. Copy the F.Q. and L.G.’s in your NOTEBOOK. 2. List as many examples of weathering as you can. 3. Receive a stamp! You have 4 minutes. Chemical Weathering occurs when chemical processes break down rocks and change their composition. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Chemical weathering rate depends on Temperature Amount of surface area Availability of water or natural acid Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Chemical weathering rate depends on Temperature Amount of surface area Availability of water or natural acid Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Chemical weathering rate depends on Temperature Surface area Availability of water or natural acid Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Chemical weathering rate depends on Temperature Surface area Availability of water or natural acid Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Carbonation – Water and CO2 create carbonic acid which wears down rock. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Brought to New York City • Water + Chemical Pollution = Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Brought to New York City • Water + Chemical Pollution = Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Hydrolysis – Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Hydrolysis – Chemical reaction between the minerals in the rock and hydrogen in rain water wears down rock. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Oxidation – The process by which oxygen combines with water and minerals in the rock to weaken it. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which picture best represents oxidation weathering? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Answer! B. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Answer! B. A appears to by more hydrolysis than oxidation. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Solution – Process by which minerals in the rocks dissolve directly in water. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy LIMESTONE CAVES Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Hydration – Process where minerals in the rock absorb water and expand. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Salts as well as organic acids in soil and from plant like lichens cause chemical weathering. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy March 22, 2013 As soon as you enter, QUIETLY and QUICKLY 1.Copy the F.Q. and L.G.’s in your NOTEBOOK. 2.List as many examples of weathering as you can. 3.Receive a stamp! You have 5 minutes. What is this a picture of? How long will it be there? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Answer: This is a photograph of a footprint on the moon made in 1969. It is most likely still there. Why? • Weathering occurs very quickly on Earth because of wind, water, and animals. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The moon does NOT have an ATMOSPHERE—most important agent of weathering! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy HOW DOES THE ENVIRONMENT AFFECT WEATHERING? • The harder a rock is, the more it RESISTS weathering. • The more chemically stable a rock’s minerals are, the more it RESISTS weathering. SURFACE AREA MATTERS! HOW DOES THE ENVIRONMENT AFFECT WEATHERING? • The colder the climate, the more likely PHYSICAL WEATHERING will occur. • The warmer and wetter the climate, the more likely CHEMICAL WEATHERING will occur. PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1. You found several rocks weathered by wind-blown sand in a desert environment. These angular rocks are called ventifacts. What kind of weathering process most likely shaped these rocks? A. B. C. D. Physical abrasion Chemical weathering Biological processes Melting of rock PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1. You found several rocks weathered by wind-blown sand in a desert environment. These angular rocks are called ventifacts. What kind of weathering process most likely shaped these rocks? A. Physical abrasion PRACTICE QUESTIONS 2. What kind of weathering are carbonation and hydrolysis? A. B. C. D. Physical Biological Chemical Glacial PRACTICE QUESTIONS 2. What kind of weathering are carbonation and hydrolysis? C. Chemical PRACTICE QUESTIONS 3. What substance combines with atmospheric gases to cause hydrolysis and carbonation? A. B. C. D. Potassium feldspar Air Hydrochloric acid Water PRACTICE QUESTIONS 3. What substance combines with atmospheric gases to cause hydrolysis and carbonation? D. Water PRACTICE QUESTIONS 4. What kind of weathering is most common in an area with an average yearly temperature of 5ºC and precipitation of 45 cm? A.Moderate chemical weathering B.Very slight weathering C.Moderate chemical weathering with frost action D.Slight frost action PRACTICE QUESTIONS 4. What kind of weathering is most common in an area with an average yearly temperature of 5ºC and precipitation of 45 cm? D. Slight frost action WHY IS WEATHERING IMPORTANT? • Because it creates SOIL and soil leads to LIFE! • Soil = a mixture of weathered rock and organic matter. Relationship of Transported Particle Size to Water Velocity PRACTICE QUESTIONS Complete # 8-13 on page 70. You have 10 minutes!