Transcript organization - Catawba County Schools

THE CELL
The cell is the basic unit of
living things.
Living things are different
than nonliving things.
• What makes a living thing different from a
nonliving thing?
• Characteristics of living things (organisms)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Organization
Ability to develop and grow
Ability to respond to the enviornment
Ability to reproduce
All living things are
made up of cells.
• The cell is the smallest unit that performs
the activities of life.
• Multicellular organisms have different
types of cells working together.
• In a unicellular organism, a single cell
carries out all the activities of life.
Unicellular – made up of a single cell
Multicellular – made up of many cells
Microscopes
• Microscope—an instrument which makes
an object appear bigger than it is
• How did the invention of the microscope
change the study of biology?
• Why were cells not discovered before the
microscope was invented?
• There are 2 types of microscopes
» Light microscope
» Electron microscope
Every living thing is
made up of one or
more cells.
Cells come
only from
other living
cells
CELL
THEORY
Cells carry out
the functions
needed to
support life.
What is a scientific theory?
• A scientific theory is a widely accepted
explanation of things observed in nature.
– What are some examples of scientific
theories?
• Characteristics of a scientific theory
– Must be supported by evidence, including
experimental evidence and observations.
– It proves its value when it explains new
discoveries and observations.
Science Guys
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek
– Invented the microscope
• Robert Hooke
– Named the cell
– Cell Theory
• Louis Pasteur
– Bacteria & Spontaneous Generation
Bacteria & Spontaneous Generation
• bacteria—tiny, single-celled organisms
that sour milk
• spontaneous generation—the theory that
bacteria grew from nonliving materials
• Pasteur conducted a series of experiments
that disproved spontaneous generation
theory. (broth in a sealed flask &
broken flask)
Cell Functions
• Prokaryotes – DO NOT have a nucleus
• Bacteria (Monera)
• Archaea
– Examples
• Rhinovirus
• Streptococcus
• Eukaryotes – DO have a nucleus
• Eukarya (protista, fungi, plant, animal)
– Examples
• Paramecium
• Amoeba
• YOU
» A domain is a broad category of living things based on
characteristics of their cells.
Specialization
• Specific cells perform specific functions.
• This is why a single cell from a
multicellular organism can not survive on
its own!
• So, what does it mean to be specialized?
A multicellular organism is a
community of cells.
• Cells work together to keep the organism
alive.
– Some communities are small. (sponges)
– Other communities are big. (elephants)
• Which type of community (large or small)
do you think has to have higher
specialization in its cells?
BellRinger Review Questions
1. Name 4 characteristics of living things.
2. How did the microscope change human understanding
of life?
3. Explain the 3 concepts that make up the cell theory.
4. Relate the characteristics of a scientific theory to the
cell theory.
5. Draw a Venn diagram to compare and contrast
multicellular and unicellular organisms.
6. Explain how Pasteur’s experiment supported the cell
theory and disproved the theory of spontaneous
generation.
•
In his experiment, bacteria did not grow spontaneously. They
came from the environment, which indicates that cells come
from other living cells.
ORGANIZATION
•
cell
 tissue  organ  organ system  organism
• Cell—the basic unit of life.
• Tissue—a group of similar cells that are organized to
do a specific job.
– Heart tissue
• Organ—different tissues working together to
perform a particular function.
– Heart
•Organ system– a group of organs
•Circulatory System (blood, heart, blood vessels)
•ORGANISM—The highest level of organization
Scientific Models
They simplify scientific concepts.
AKA: They make something that’s really
complicated a WHOLE LOT easier to
understand.
Thursday
September 26, 2013
You need: notebook, food label
BellRinger: Come in and sit down quietly. Get your food
label out
Objective: Students will REMEMBER how cells function
using chemical reactions and DEMONSTRATE their
knowledge via a retest.
iPad – Cell Organelles
Vocab Flashcard Activity
• Define the following words on your index
card. Write the organelle on one side, and
the function(s) on the other side.
1. Chromosomes
2. Nucleus (include that the nuclear membrane
surrounds the nucleus & nucleolus)
3. Cytoplasm
4. Chloroplasts
5. Endoplasmic Reticulum
6. Golgi body (apparatus)
7. Mitochondria
8. Ribosomes
9. Vacuoles
10. Cell Wall
11. Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)
Add to #16 Review Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What are the 3 domains, and what type of cells do the
organisms in each domain have?
Define specialization in your own words.
Describe the levels of organization in a tree.
In what way does a specialized cell in a multicellular
organism differ from the cell of a unicellular organism?
How is a model similar to the real object it represents?
How is it different?
What domain does the organism belong to, and what
do the internal structures tell you about it? (Look in
your book.)
After your retest…
• #18 : p.C35 (#1-27)
• Try to finish this during class.
• Your TGIF quiz tomorrow will be over the
following things:
– Cell Theory
– Characteristics of Living Things
– 4 Large Molecules in Living Things (flipchart)