Transcript Minerals-Rocks-Soil-Erosion_1

Rocks, Minerals, and Soil
Choose your Topic:
Minerals
Rocks
The Rock Cycle
Soil
Erosion
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Minerals
Definition: A mineral is an inorganic,
homogeneous solid
Inorganic means never been alive
Homogeneous means made of only one thing
Minerals
Examples: Gold, iron, copper, salt, diamonds, coal,
feldspar, calcium, phosphorus
Iron
Feldspar
Gold
Rocks
Definition: More than one kind of
mineral stuck together
Three types of rocks
Igneous - May have crystals, no layers, may have
holes, might look “glass-like”
Metamorphic - May have layers of crystals or
minerals, wavy lines
Sedimentary - May have layers, rounded particles,
rough and grainy
IGNEOUS ROCKS
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How are they made?
Deep inside the Earth, rocks and minerals melt under
tremendous heat. This forms magma.
When the magma cools back down, it hardens and forms
new rocks. These rocks are called IGNEOUS rocks.
IGNEOUS ROCKS
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Samples of Igneous Rocks
Basalt, granite, obsidian, pumice
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
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How are they made?
Some rocks are changed by heat and pressure.
New rocks are formed.
Deep inside the
Earth
Layers of
sediment
Metamorphic
rocks form
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
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Samples of Metamorphic Rocks
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
How are they made?
The forces of wind, water, and gravity break rocks down into little
pieces. This is called weathering.
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Big rocks
Smaller rocks
Sand
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
How are they formed?
After a long time, these little pieces of rocks get stuck back
together and form new rocks.
Time +
Pressure
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
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Samples of Sedimentary Rocks
Sandstone, limestone, shale, conglomerate
The Rock Cycle
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Soil
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In this section, you will learn about the layers of soil, how
soil is formed, and what soil is made of.
Layers of Soil
Topsoil - where plants get
their nutrients
Subsoil - not as much
organic material
Parent Material - provides
the minerals in soil
Bedrock - mostly solid
rock
Soil Formation
Soil is formed as rocks
are weathered and
covered with organic
material.
It takes about 500 years for
1 inch of topsoil to form.
Components of
Soil
Erosion
What is erosion?
Erosion happens when pieces of rocks and soil are
carried away by wind and water.
It can be beautiful.
Erosion
What is erosion?
Erosion happens when pieces of rocks and soil are
carried away by wind and water.
Farmer’s field gets washed
away
A house too close to a river
It can be devastating.
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