Transcript Life is Cellular - Pasadena High School

DID YOU
KNOW?
Laser-printing organs!
http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=oAs0k2lQa4M
Let’s look back…
evolution of cells!
Spontaneous
polymerization
of atoms into
molecules and
biomolecules
Beginning
of Earth
(atoms) 4.5billion
First
PROKARYOTES
were very simple
and oxygen was
lacking from the
atmosphere so they
lived in water
4billion
3.8billion
Membranes
formed from lipids
and nucleic acids
formed DNA/RNA
ENDOSYMBIOTIC
THEORY: large
prokaryotes
engulfed smaller
ones, which
became organelles
inside!
EUKARYOTES are
formed
3billion
2billion
Prokaryotes became
photosynthetic,
producing oxygen
for the atmosphere
and using oxygen for
efficient energy use
600million
Unicellular
eukaryotes clumped
together to form
colonies.
Multicellular
organisms are
formed and highly
complex with
specialized parts
500million
Fish and land-based
plants (mosses)
evolved
400million
First humans
are thought to
have evolved
from the Homo
Genus
200,000
NOW
Scientists are
growing cells,
mapping the
human genome
and making
organs from laser
printers!
Insects and Trees
Life is Cellular
Who is on top of the
food chain?
Take a second to think about it
while you watch this clip:
http://youtu.be/4XBvDx2Lhfs
Those tiny, little, one-celled
organismS known as
bacteria can affect us in
many different ways………..
Now, Who do you think is on top
of the food chain?!
All living things are made of
at least one cell.
The word “CELL” comes
from the Latin word “cella”
meaning small room.
It was coined by Robert
Hooke, who compared
cork cells he saw in a
microscope to the small
rooms monks lived in.
What are CELLS?
*CELLS are microscopic building blocks that make up all
living things.
Just like monomers build into polymers, cells build into living organisms
*Everything that is alive has at least one cell!
This guy has cells.
Unicellular organisms!
This cute puppy has
cells, too!
How many cells do
humans have?
*Depending on the source, that
figure varies from 50 to 75 trillion
cells!!
*That’s 75,000,000,000,000…a
whole lot of zeroes!
Describe “cells”
in your own
words.
Uni vs. Multi
Fill out the T-chart as we go
through unicellular vs.
multicellular organisms!
Some things are
UNIcellular.
UNICELLULAR means one-celled.
UNI = one. (Like uno!)
Bacteria are an example of a unicellular organism.
Unicellular cells are only made up of 1 cell so that 1
cell has to do it all!
Unicellular
Humans are
MULTIcellular.
*MULTICELLULAR means many-celled!
*Remember: MULTI = many.
*Plants, fungi, and animals are MULTICELLULAR.
*Multicellular cells have many specialized parts & that have
specific roles that they are in charge of.
*These parts and organs are called organelles.
What is the difference
between a
unicellular organism
and a multicellular
organism?
The Cell Theory
:
1.All living things are made up of at
least one cell!
2. Cells are the basic building blocks
of life.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells
Exploring the Cell
Cells are microscopic…
this means we cannot
see it with the naked
eye.
Prokaryotes (bacteria
are smaller than
eukaryotes!)
We can view cells
through a
compound light
microscope!
Isn’t there more than
one kind of cell?
YES!
Plants, animals, fungi and
protists have different cells
than bacteria.
There are 2 types
of cells:
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
What do prokaryotic cells and
eukaryotic cells have in
common?
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
**They both have nucleic acids
(DNA /RNA)**
PRO vs. EU
Fill out the T-chart as we go
through prokaryotic vs
eukaryotic organisms!
PROKARYOTIC CELLS ONLY
*PROKARYOTES are different from
eukaryotes in three ways:
1. Prokaryotes have NO NUCLEUS
2. They have NO membrane-bound
ORGANELLES
3. BACTERIA ARE PROKARYOTES.
Prokaryotic cells
DO NOT contain
membrane bound
organelles.
Prokaryotes
*Small and simple
*Do NOT have a nucleus
*Do not contain membrane bound
organelles
*Most abundant organisms on earth
*Two major groups 1. Archaebacteria (oldest known and
live in extreme environments)
2. Eubacteria (most common)
*All prokaryotes are unicellular
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
Prokaryotes do, however, have
ribosomes, a cell wall, a cell
membrane, and genetic material
(nucleic acids).
Bacteria
(microorganisms)
Bacteria is a prokaryotic
organism
What are 3
characteristics that
prokaryotic cells
have?
Why is bacteria (which is also
known as a microorganism)
considered a prokaryotic
organism?
What is 1 cool fact about
bacteria that you did not
know?
PROKARYOTES
Salmonella sp. : found in raw
chicken and eggs. (recently
found in PB)
PROKARYOTES
Staphylococcus aureus: causes
staph infections
Staph infections are
usually passed when
the infected area of
one person’s skin
touches the skin of
another person. They
must be kept
covered at all times
and are EXTREMELY
contagious!
E. coli on the surface of a pin
E.coli is found in feces
What are 3 illnesses
caused by bacteria?
So…where are some
places that bacteria
can be found?
How about ALL OVER
YOUR CELL
PHONES…ewwww
http://youtu.be/4lmwb
BzClAc
Eukaryotes
*Contain a nucleus
*Contain membrane bound
organelles
*Some are single-celled
Organisms, most are multicellular
*Generally larger than prokaryotes
Ex: plants, animals, fungi, protists
Eukaryotic cells
HAVE membrane
bound organelles.
Eukaryotes
Composed of 4 main parts:
• cell membrane - outer boundary of the
cell
• cytoplasm - jelly-like fluid interior of the
cell
• nucleus - the "control center" of the cell,
contains the cell's DNA (chromosomes)
• organelles - "little organs" that carry out
cell functions
What are 3
characteristics
about eukaryotic
cells?
EUKARYOTES
ANIMALS
EUKARYOTES
EUKARYOTES
EUKARYOTES