Water Underground powerpoint
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Transcript Water Underground powerpoint
11.3 Water Underground
p. 378-381
Objectives
Describe springs and how water
moves through underground layers
of soil and rock.
Explain what an aquifer is and how
people obtain water from an
aquifer.
Engage/Explore
Spring water
What was the
original source of
this water?
Where does the
water in springs
and wells come
from?
Underground Layers
Where does underground water come
from?
Answer: Precipitation that soaks in the
ground and trickles downward.
Water underground trickles down
between particles of soil and through
cracks and spaces in layers of rock.
Pores - different types of rock and
soil have different-sized spaces.
Permeable - materials that allow
water to easily pass through or
permeate.
Examples of permeable materials
are sand and gravel.
Impermeable - materials that water
cannot pass through easily.
Examples of impermeable materials
are clay and granite.
Saturated zone - the area of
permeable rock or soil that is totally
filled or saturated with water.
Water table - the top of the
saturated zone.
Unsaturated zone - the layer of rocks
and soil above the water table.
Layers Underground
What is different
about the pores in the
two pictures?
Which picture
represents a
permeable rock
layer?
In this picture how do
the pores differ
above and below the
water table?
Aquifers
Aquifer - any
underground layer of
rock or sediment that
holds water.
Size - small
underground patch
of permeable
material to an area
the size of several
states.
Aquifers
The huge Ogallala
aquifer lies
beneath the plains
of the west, from S.
Dakota to Texas. It
provides drinking
water and water
for crops and
livestock.
Aquifers
The water in an aquifer moves only
a few centimeters a day which
equals out to be about 10 meters a
year. The movement depends
largely on how steeply the aquifer
slopes and how permeable the
rocks are.
Wells
People can obtain
groundwater from
an aquifer by
drilling a well
below the water
table.
Fig. 12 - Compare
the well and dry
well.
Wells
History of wells
Dug by hand
Lined with brick or
stone to keep the
walls from collapsing.
Lowered and raised a
bucket to bring up
water.
Today, most are dug
with well-drilling
equipment.
Wells
Pumping water out of an aquifer
lowers the water level near the well.
If too much water is pumped out
too fast, the well may run dry.
Then it may be necessary to dig
deeper to reach the lowered water
table or to wait for rainfall to refill the
aquifer.
Wells
Recharge - New water that enters
the aquifer from the surface.
Artesian well - a well in which water
rises because of pressure within the
aquifer.
Bringing Groundwater to
the Surface
Springs - where the
water table meets
the ground
surface,
groundwater
bubbles or flows
out of cracks in
the rock in places.