Transcript Matter-and-Energy-Within-Cycles-Reviewx

Matter and Energy
Within Cycles Unit
Test Review
Test Date: Friday, October 14th, 2016
Term
Description
Biomass
Organic material made from plants and
animals
Contains stored energy from the sun
Wood, crops, some garbage
Any substance that cannot be broken down
into any simpler substances
Nitrogen, carbon, oxygen
Element
Nitrogen cycle
The process by which nitrogen is removed from
the atmosphere, fixed by bacteria in the soil,
taken in by living organisms, and released back
into the atmosphere
Diagram/ Example
No diagram or picture
Term
Description
Groundwater
After precipitation, water that does not runoff
of the earth’s surface and soaks down through
the ground
Organic
Aquifer
A compound that contains carbon; it must
have at least one carbon atom bonded to
another carbon atom or a carbon bonded to a
hydrogen
A layer of rock or soil that can hold water
underground
Diagram/ Example
C + C or C + H
Examples:
CH4
C6H12O6
Term
Carbon Cycle
Compound
Inorganic
Description
The process through which carbon is passed
among living and nonliving things. Carbon is
taken out the air by plants during
photosynthesis. It is released by animals
during respiration (breathing). It is released
into the atmosphere during combustion
(burning).
Diagram/ Example
No diagram or picture
Two or more elements that are chemically
bonded together in a set ration
CO2 or
A compound that usually does not contain
carbon.
H2O or FeO3
NaCl
Term
Description
Mixture
Two or more substances that are mixed
together in the same place but that are not
chemically combined.
Molecule
Soil permeability
Diagram/ Example
formed when two or more atoms join together
chemically;
consists of one or more like atoms in an eleme
nt and two
or more different atoms in a compound.
A way to describe how easily water travels
through soil. If water passes through easily,
the soil is permeable. If water does not pass
through, it is impermeable.
Permeable: gravel, sand
Impermeable: clay
Term
Description
Diagram/ Example
Surface water
Water that collects on Earth’s surface
Examples: lakes, rivers,
streams
Water table
The top level of the groundwater in an aquifer.
CO2
C6H12O6
CO2
respiration
CO2
CO2
photosynthesis
H2O
O2
Decay of biomass
All matter
CO2
burning
Fossil fuels
aquifer
The Water Cycle
Label the parts of the water cycle diagram
1. sun
2. condensation
3. evaporation
4. precipitation
5. accumulation
Question 5
1. What is the significance of the evaporation of
water from plants? Water evaporates from the
plants and reenters the water cycle. It can
return as precipitation.
2. Where does the water that soaks into the
ground go? It can go into an aquifer and
become groundwater.
3. Why is soil permeability important for the
aquifer? Permeability allows water to enter an
aquifer. It reduces runoff and erosion.
Question 6 Compare the natural
and urban ecosystems
1. …the percentage of runoff.
Runoff is 45% lower in the natural ecosystem.
2. Give a reason to support your answer from
above.
Natural ground cover (grass) allows water to be
absorbed. The urban area has more cement,
which is impermeable and creates runoff.
3. …quality of the water
The natural ecosystem probably has better quality
water, because there is less pollution from
industry.
4. …effects on the aquifer
The aquifer will have more water added to it in
the natural environment, because the natural
ground cover is permeable.
7. Relationship between pollution and
groundwater
▪ When pollution is on the ground, runoff can carry it into
surface water and then it can travel into groundwater.
▪ Pollution can also seep through permeable ground into
groundwater.
8.
Water Conservation
▪ We must conserve (save) water so that we do not run out of
clean water sources.
▪ If clean water supplies run out, we will not have enough for
drinking, cooking, cleaning, etc.
9.
Photosynthesis Summary
▪ Photosynthesis is the process in which plants make their own
food using energy from the sun. There is an energy
transformation from radiant energy to chemical energy.
Plants use radiant energy from the sun, to transform the
reactants carbon dioxide and water to produce the products
glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis requires 6 molecules of
carbon dioxide and 6 molecules of water to produce 1
molecule of glucose. There is a byproduct of 6 molecules of
oxygen that are released from the plant.
10.
Types of
Energy
How does the term relate to
photosynthesis?
Chemical
chemical energy in the form of glucose is produced
Radiant
radiant energy from the sun powers the process
Thermal
omit
12. Terms
Biomass
Biomass
pyramid
Description
organic matter that comes from
recently living plants and animals;
contains stored energy from the sun
omit
13.
What is composting?
▪ The process of recycling organic waste.
▪ Composting creates the ideal conditions to speed up the
natural decay process.
14.
Value of composting
▪ Reduces waste in landfills
▪ Makes soil healthier; reduces erosion and runoff
▪ Creates a natural fertilizer
▪ Less need for water and chemical fertilizers
Items that can be in a compost bin
Items that cannot be in a compost bin
yard trimmings—plants, flowers, small tree
waste
meats, fish, poultry
leaves
food sauces
grass clippings
fats, grease, oils
vegetable and fruit scraps, tea leaves, coffee animal feces
grounds and filters
shredded newspaper, white paper
non-organic materials—plastic, metal, glass
16.
Extra: