Transcript The Hydrosphere and Oceans

Units 10 and 11
The Water Cycle
1. What is the 1. The
hydrosphere?
hydrosphere contains all
water that exists on the earth.
• Water covers 75% of earth’s
surface.
• 97% of water is contained in
the ocean.
• 2% is ice
• Less than 1% is streams, lakes,
rivers, vapor, etc.
2.
What
is the
water
cycle?
2. The water cycle is the
continual movement of
water from one place or
form to another.
•Runs on solar energy
•The same water has
been recycled and
reused for billions of
years
3. What is
evaporation?
Evaporation is the
process by which
water is converted
from its liquid form
to its vapor form.
Evaporation from the
oceans accounts for
80% of the water
delivered as
precipitation.
3.
 http://techalive.mtu.edu/meec/module01/Evaporation
.html
4. What is
condensation?
Process in
which water
vapors changes to
a liquid.
4.
5. What is
precipitation?
water falling
as rain, snow,
sleet and hail.
5.
6. What is
runoff?
6. Runoff is the process of
water running off the
land surface. Water flows
downhill from high
places like mountains
and hills into streams,
then rivers, and finally
into the ocean.
7. WHAT IS A
WATER
COLLECTION?
7. When water falls back
to earth as precipitation,
it may fall back in the
oceans, lakes or rivers or
it may end up on land.
•“Ground water” -plants
and animals use to drink
or it may run over the soil
and collect in the oceans,
lakes or rivers
8. What is
groundwater?
8. Groundwater is water
that comes from the
ground.
Groundwater comes from
rain, snow, sleet, and hail
that soaks into the
ground. The water moves
down into the ground
because of gravity,
passing between particles
of soil, sand, gravel, or
rock.
 http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/groun
dwater/
9. What is a
watershed?
9. A watershed is
the area of land
where all of the
water that is
under it or drains
off of it goes into
the same place
Water Cycle and Life
10. How does
water move
through living
things?
10.
•photosynthesis
• respiration
•about 68% of
human body
weight is water
Water Cycle and Life
11. What is
photosynthesis?
11.
•photosynthesis
– plants use solar
energy to make
glucose from
water and carbon
dioxide and release
oxygen as waste
Water Cycle and Life
12. What is
respiration?
12. organisms use
oxygen to break
down glucose
and release water
and carbon
dioxide as waste
Water Cycle and Life
13. What is
transpiration?
13. Transpiration
occurs when plants
move water
upward from their
roots and release
the water through
pores in their
leaves
Surface Water
14. What is
running water?
14. Running water flows
downhill into rivers and
streams
Stream – body of flowing
water
Drainage System –
collection of streams that
drain an area of land
Tributary – small stream
that flows into a larger
stream
• Most major cities and
farmland are along
streams
15. What is a
divide?
15. Divide – ridge of land
that separates drainage
systems
• Continental Divide –
runs along the Rocky
Mountains
rain on east side runs to
Atlantic Ocean or Gulf of
Mexico
•Almost all rain on west
side runs to Pacific Ocean
Review: Types of Rocks and Soils
16. What is
permeable
and
impermeable?
16. Permeable –
water can flow
through.
Impermeable –
water can’t flow
through
Review: Types of Rocks and Soils
17. What is the 17. The water table is
the underground
water table?
depth at which point
the ground is totally
saturated with water.
•Levels depend on
how much is going in
and out.
Review: Types of Rocks and Soils
18. What is an
aquifer?
18. layer of rock or sediment
containing groundwater.
Usually trapped between
impermeable layers
• Recharge areas allow
water into the aquifer
• Used as source of fresh water
Ogallala Aquifer in Midwest –
largest in U.S.
Floridian Aquifer – our source
of water
Standing Water
19. What is
considered
standing water?
Standing water is water that
collects in low areas
• Lake – body of water that is
too deep for sunlight to reach
the bottom
•Pond – shallow body of
water in which sunlight
reaches the bottom
•Reservoirs – artificial
lakes made by dams
Frozen
Water
20. What is
considered frozen
water ?
Glaciers – large masses of ice in
motion; snow that doesn’t melt
during the summer is crushed to
form ice
•Continental Glaciers – form near
the poles
a) Greenland and Antarctica
b) pieces break off to form
ice bergs
• Alpine Glaciers – form in valleys
in mountains
a) flow down like frozen
rivers
Quicktime Video: Two Types of
Glaciers
Mt. McKinley: QuickTime video
 http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/glacie
rs/
Karts
Sinkholes and Caverns
21. Description of
sinkholes and caverns
1. carbonic acid in water
dissolves rock
2. stalactite – mineral
formation that hangs down
from a cavern ceiling (hangs
on tight)
3. stalagmite – pillar of minerals that forms on
a
cavern floor
4. ) sinkhole – hole formed when roof of a
limestone cavern collapses
Formation of a cave
. Stalagmite and Stalactite
22. What are the
concerns for
groundwater?
22.
•Provides drinking water
for 53% of U.S.
•Rock and soil are
natural filters
•Easily contaminated
a) sewage
b) fertilizers
c) landfills
d) chemical spills
e) saltwater
intrusion