Transcript EarthTestReview_Coelho

Earth Science Review
Earth Science
Categories
Resources
Earth
Clues
W-E-D
1
W-E-D
2
Misc.
Grab Bag
$100
$100
$100
$100
$100
$100
$200
$200
$200
$200
$200
$200
$300
$300
$300
$300
$300
$300
$400
$400
$400
$400
$400
$400
$500
$500
$500
$500
$500
$500
Resources $100
What is the main
requirement for a resource
to be considered
renewable?
List examples of renewable
resources.
Resources $100
Renewable resources can be
replaced in a SHORT amount
of time
Examples: Soil, animals, water,
oxygen, CO2, plants, wind, sun,
ocean tides
Resources $200
What is the main
requirement for a
resource to be
considered nonrenwable?
List examples of
nonrenewable resources.
Resources $200
Nonrenewable resources take
a LONG time to be replaced
(more than a lifetime to millions
of years)
Examples: rocks, minerals,
fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural
gas), gold, diamonds, gems
Resources $300
Name & describe all 5
renewable/alternative
resources that generate
energy.
Resources $300
1. Geothermal (geo=Earth; thermal=heat) –
energy generated from heat preserved within the
Earth’s crust (remember – we only dig into the
crust – we can not dig as far as the mantle)
2. Hydroelectric (hydro=water) – energy
generated from the force of water in rivers, dams, &
ocean tides
3. Wind – energy generated from windmills on wind
farms
4. Biofuel (bio=life) – energy generated from
decayed plants & animals
5. Solar – collecting the sun’s energy in solar panels
Resources $400
What are some of the
pros/cons for using
renewable resources
to generate energy?
Resources $400
Pros: can be replenished in a short amount
of time & keeps us from using all of
Earth’s fossil fuels
Cons: not all of them are clean for Earth
(burning biofuels can cause pollution);
most need special equipment to change
the resource into energy we can use (can
be very expensive)
Resources for $500
How are all fossil
fuels formed? List
examples.
Resources for $500
Fossil fuels come from buried
dead/decayed organisms changed by
increased heat & pressure from rock layers
(takes longer than a lifetime to MILLIONS
of years to form) **If FF don’t have enough
heat, pressure, & time then they won’t form**
Examples:
Coal
Petroleum/Oil
Natural Gas
Earth’s Clues $100
How are sedimentary
rocks formed?
Earth’s Clues for $100
Sedimentary rocks
are formed in LAYERS
of sand, minerals, and
shells.
The pictures show a method used to collect data in an
investigation. Different kinds of materials were mixed with 100
grams of garden soil. An equal amount of water was added to
each mixture. Which of these was this investigation designed to
answer?
A
B
C
D
How
How
How
How
well
well
well
well
each
each
each
each
material mixes with garden soil
mixture holds water
material supports plants
mixture keeps its texture when wet
The pictures show a method used to collect data in an
investigation. Different kinds of materials were mixed with 100
grams of garden soil. An equal amount of water was added to
each mixture. Which of these was this investigation designed to
answer?
A
B
C
D
How
How
How
How
well
well
well
well
each
each
each
each
material mixes with garden soil
mixture holds water
material supports plants
mixture keeps its texture when wet
Earth’s Clues for
$300
Four soil samples of equal volume were put in funnels
with filter paper. 200 mL of water was added to each
sample and the water that flowed out the bottom of the
funnel was collected and measured. What can you
determine about the soil samples from the data?
A
B
C
D
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
sample R retained the most water.
sample T was the driest soil.
sample Q has more organic matter.
sample S was about half sand.
Earth’s Clues for
$300
Four soil samples of equal volume were put in funnels
with filter paper. 200 mL of water was added to each
sample and the water that flowed out the bottom of the
funnel was collected and measured. What can you
determine about the soil samples from the data?
A
Soil sample R retained the most water. (Retained =
B
C
D
Soil sample T was the driest soil.
Soil sample Q has more organic matter.
Soil sample S was about half sand.
kept water in soil – it has the smallest # so Soil R kept in the most
water)
Earth’s Clues for $400
Why would these layers settle
like this?
Earth’s Clues for $400
Layers settle in water
based on the density
of the material. Silt
would be the least
dense & the small
rocks would be the
most dense according
to this picture.
What information can be learned from looking at
the illustration above?
A
Rings that are closer proves when the tree had
very little rain
B
Rings that are farther apart proves when the
tree received a lot of rain
C
This tree is over 15 years old
D
All of the above
What information can be learned from looking at
the illustration above?
A
Rings that are closer proves when the tree had
very little rain
B
Rings that are farther apart proves when the
tree received a lot of rain
C
This tree is over 15 years old
D
All of the above
W-E-D 1 for $100
Define weathering &
how long does it
usually take?
W-E-D 1 for $100
Weathering is the BREAKDOWN of
the materials in Earth’s crust into
smaller pieces (weathering leads to
formation of new soil).
**Weathering down of landforms
usually takes a very LONG time
(hundreds to millions of years)
W-E-D 1 for $200
Define erosion &
list the 4 causes of
erosion.
W-E-D 1 for $200
Erosion is the process
by which water, ice,
wind, or gravity
MOVES fragments of
rock and soil
W-E-D 1 for $300
Define deposition &
list examples.
W-E-D 1 for $300
Deposition is the process by
which sediments (small
particles of rock) are laid
down in NEW locations.
Ex: deltas & sand dunes
W-E-D 1 for $400
What would probably be
the cause of change for
this beach?
W-E-D 1 for $400
The waves erode (move) sand/dirt
little by little back into the ocean
W-E-D 1 for $500
What could be the
best way to
document changes
to Earth over time
efficiently?
W-E-D 1 for $500
Take lots of pictures over MANY,
MANY years!
W-E-D 2 for $100
These rocks keep on
getting smoother
with time. Why?
W-E-D 2 for $100
The river the rocks are
in is smoothing out the
rocks (river is
weathering down the
rocks)
W-E-D 2 for $200
What probably
caused this
arch found in
a desert to be
shaped like
this?
W-E-D 2 for $200
The weathering &
erosion of wind
W-E-D 2 for $300
Where a river meets an ocean –
sediments are deposited.
What is this landform called?
W-E-D 2 for $300
DELTA – remember…deltas are due
to the deposition (building up) of
sediments in a new location
W-E-D 2 for $400
What is this glacier creating?
W-E-D 2 for $400
The glacier is carving out a
glacial valley between
mountains
W-E-D 2 for $500
How can this sand dune
continue to grow?
W-E-D 2 for $500
Sand dunes grow by wind
depositing/settling sand particles
Misc. for $100
What would most likely cause
this cliff to change like this?
Misc. for $100
The weathering down of rock by wind,
water, ice, plant roots, and/or gravity.
Misc. for $200
Are all glaciers only white?
Why or why not?
Misc. for $200
NO, most glaciers are actually
brownish/white because as they’re
moving they are picking up tiny
sediments from the ground
underneath. Those sediments get
stuck in the glaciers so glaciers
become less white with time.
Misc. for $300
How do canyons continue
to get deeper?
Misc. for $300
Canyons get deeper due to the river
flowing through it. The river
breaks/weathers down rock and then
carries/erodes the sediments away.
Misc. for $400
The diagram shows layers
of sedimentary rocks and
examples of their fossils.
Which layer contains the
oldest fossils?
A
Layer 2
B
Layer 4
C
Layer 1
D
Layer 3
•
Misc. for $400
The diagram shows layers
of sedimentary rocks and
examples of their fossils.
Which layer contains the
oldest fossils?
A
Layer 2
B
Layer 4
C
Layer 1
D
Layer 3
•
Misc. for $500
A river delta is an area
where sediments are
deposited.
The sediments in the
river delta shown
most likely come from
the—
A
mountain range
B
desert
C
ocean floor
D
coastline
Misc. for $500
A river delta is an area
where sediments are
deposited.
The sediments in the
river delta shown
most likely come from
the—
A
mountain range
B
desert
C
ocean floor
D
coastline
Grab Bag for $100
What are some of the clues
that fossils can provide for
us about the past?
Grab Bag for $100
Fossil clues:
-what kind of environment used to be there
(desert, ocean, or forest)
-what kind of animals used to live there
-the climate in that area (based on the kinds of
animal fossils there)
-what kind of food animals ate in that area
(based on the shape of their teeth)
Grab Bag for $200
List some of Earth’s
events that may
change Earth very
FAST.
Grab Bag for $200
Can change Earth fast:
-volcanoes
-earthquakes
-rock slides
-landslides
Grab Bag for $300
Burning coal, oil, or
natural gas to make
energy is an example of
what kind of resource?
Grab Bag for $300
Burning coal, oil, or natural is an
example of using Earth’s
nonrenewable resources –
remember we want to conserve
them. Once they’re gone – it will
take hundreds to millions of years
to get them back!
Grab Bag for $400
Why do earthquakes
and volcanoes
eruptions most likely
occur?
Grab Bag for $400
From the
plate
movements
in the crust.
This occurs
due to the
unstable
mantle.
Grab Bag for $500
Which of the following destructive forces is a
SLOW process that could have helped shape
the canyon?
A
B
C
D
An earthquake
Erosion
Deposition
A volcano
Grab Bag for $500
Which of the following destructive forces is a
SLOW process that could have helped shape
the canyon?
A
An earthquake
B
Erosion
C
Deposition
D
A volcano
**Erosion of the river shapes the canyon**