Transcript What part of the cell controls what goes in and out of the cell

Identify structures and
functions of prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells; plant
and animal cells
Identify this part
• Cell (plasma)
membrane
• “thin, flexible barrier that
surrounds all cells,
regulates what enters and
leaves the cell”
• “controls entry into and
out of the cell”
• “controls what goes in
and out of the cell”
Identify this part
• nucleus
• “in cells, the structure
that contains the cell’s
genetic material in the
form of DNA”
• “chromosomes are found
here”
• “contains all the genetic
information of the cell,
controls all cell functions”
Identify this part
• Flagella/cilia
• Used for motion
• “cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the
cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis.”
• “where proteins are made”
• “small particles of RNA; they make proteins”
Organelle that makes
proteins
• ribosomes
Identify this part
• nucleolus
• “a small dense
region….where the
assembly of
ribosomes begin”
• “spherical body
within the nucleus”
Converts glucose into
ATP for energy
•Mitochondria
• “cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food
into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use”
• “powerhouse” of the cell
• “makes energy for the cell, site of cell respiration”
Organelle that makes
ribosomes
•nucleolus
Identify this part
• Endoplasmic
reticulum
•
•
•
•
Can be rough ER (with
ribosomes) or smooth ER
(without)
“internal membrane system
found in eukaryotic cells;
place where lipid components
of the cell membrane are
assembled”
“stores and releases
chemicals”
“packages proteins,
sometimes has ribosomes on
it”
Identify this part
• ribosomes
What part of the cell
controls what goes in
and out of the cell
•Cell (plasma)
membrane
Identify this part
• cytoplasm
• “fluid portion of the cell
outside the nucleus”
• “contains water and
dissolved minerals”
• “provides structure for the
cell’s organelles, contains
dissolved substances and
water and some chemical
processes take place her”
Identify this
part
• Mitochondria
Transports things
around inside the cell
• Endoplasmic
reticulum
• “structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division”
• “structures involved in mitosis in animal cells only”
• “found only in animal cells and it aids in cell division”
In animal cells only, sets
of microtubules that help
during cell division
•centrioles
Breaks down food for
the cell
•Lysosomes
• “cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and
proteins into small molecules that can be used the rest of the
cell”
• “digestion center”
• “breaks down wastes in the cell, filled with digestive enzymes”
Modifies proteins for
movement outside the cell
•Golgi Apparatus
(bodies)
• “organelle in cells that modifies, sorts and packages proteins and
other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or release
outside the cell.”
• “serves as storage centers for the secretory products of the cell”
• “Modifies proteins/materials from ER for use outside or inside
cell”
Give shape to cell and help
organelles move around
•Microtubules and
microfilaments
Identify
this part
• Lysosomes
Identify this part
• Golgi Apparatus
(bodies)
Material in the cell that
contains water and
dissolved nutrients
•cytoplasm
Help animal and
prokaryotic cells move
around
•Cilia/flagella
• “short hairlike
projections that
produces movement”
• “hairlike structures
with the capacity for
movement”
• “structure sued by
Protists for movement,
produces movement in
a wavelike motion”
• “long, hairlike structure
used for movement”
• “long, whip like
structures; used for
motion”
What is a eukaryote?
• Cells that do have a nucleus and
organelles with membranes
• Examples include plants, animals
and fungi
• “organism who cells contain a nucleus”
• “…nucleus separates the material from the rest of the cell”
• “are cells that have a nucleus and organelles with
membranes”
Identify this part
• centrioles
Give support and
structure to plant cells
(only)
•Cell wall
• “strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some
cells”
• “shapes and supports a plant cell”
• “rigid outer layer that supports the cell; found in plant but not
animal cells”
How can you tell the
difference between a plant
and animal cell?
• Plant cells have
– Cell walls, chloroplasts and a large
central vacuole
• Animal cells have
– a cell membrane as only outer layer,
centrioles and may have cilia or flagella
Storage area, very large
in plants
•Vacuole (central
vacuole in plants)
• “cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts
proteins and carbohydrates”
• “contains water and dissolved minerals”
• “place where wastes are stored; in plants it is very large but in
animals there can be many small ones”
In plants, where
photosynthesis takes
place
•chloroplasts
• “organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that
captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical
energy”
• “site of photosynthesis”
• “organelle where sunlight is converted into energy by the process
of photosynthesis”
Identify
this part
• Cell wall
What is a prokaryote?
• Has no membrane bound nucleus
(still has DNA) or organelles
• Bacteria are prokaryotes
• “unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus”
• “…do not enclose their DNA in nuclei”
• “cells that have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles”
Identify this
part
• Vacuole (central
vacuole in
plants)
Is this cell prokaryotic
or eukaryotic?
• Prokaryote
• Like
bacteria
Is this cell prokaryotic
or eukaryotic?
• Eukaryote
• Like animals,
plants and fungi
Controls the functions
of the cell
•nucleus
Identify
this part
• chloroplasts
Cell membrane
• Also called plasma membrane
• Allows only certain things to enter
and leave the cell (selectively
permeable).
• Membrane around organelles has
similar structure.
• Phospholipid bilayer:
– 2 layers of phospholipids (phosphate
group (PO4) and two fats (lipids))
Cell membrane
• Fluid Mosaic:
– Bilayer also contains proteins
(mark the cell as one of yours
and help things move in and
out of cell)
– Things in the cell membrane move
around, they don’t stay still
Cell membrane
Cells
• First discovered and named by
Robert Hooke in 1665
• Saw them in cork samples
• Looked like rooms where monks
stayed
• 1673 Anton van Leewenhoek saw
first live cells
Cells
• 1838 Max Schleiden…all plants
made of cells
• 1839 Theodor Schwann…all
animals made of cells
• Rudolf Virchow…all cells come
from other cells
Cell Theory
• All living things are made of cells
• Cells come from other cells
• Cells are the basic unit of life (i.e.
life functions happen at cell
level; cells can do all life
functions)
Cells
• Have different shapes, according to
their functions
• Limited in size by the ratio of surface
area to volume
• As a cell gets bigger, it’s volume
increases faster than surface
area
• Bigger cells need more substances
(water, oxygen, etc.) but don’t have
enough surface area to let
everything in/out
Cell shapes
Describe what a
phospholipid bilayer is
• phospholipids: a
molecule that has a
phosphate group as
a head and two
lipid tails
• In a double layer
(bilayer)
• for cell membrane