Transcript Electrons in atoms

ELECTRONS IN ATOMS
CHAPTER FIVE
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: WHAT ARE THREE KINDS OF
ORBITALS, THEIR SHAPES AND HOW MANY ELECTRONS CAN
THEY HOLD?
*Place cell phones in cell phone caddy.
Warm-Up: Chapter Five Pre-Test
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT ORBITALS WHERE
ELECTRONS CAN BE FOUND?
Type of orbital
Shape
Can hold
S
Round
2 electrons
P
Dumbbell Shaped
6 electrons
D
Like a Four-Leaf Clover 10 electrons
HOW DO THE ENERGY LEVELS, SUBLEVELS AND
ORBITALS COMPARE?
Energy Level
Number of
Sublevels
1
Type
1
Number of
Electrons
2
2
8
2
2S, 2P
3
18
3
3S, 3P, 3D
4
32
4
4S, 4P, 4D, 4F
1S
WHAT ARE THE THREE RULES THAT DETERMINE
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION?
1. Aufbau Principle: electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy
first.
2. Hund’s Rule: Fill each orbital with at least one electron before
doubling up
3. Pauli Exclusion Principle: Orbitals can only hold two electrons and
they have opposite spins
WHAT IS THE CORRECT ORDER OF ELECTRON
CONFIGURATION?
HOW IS THE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION WRITTEN
FOR AN ATOM?
1. Be sure to use the proper order of orbitals.
2. Remember the maximum number of electrons
each orbital can hold
3. When you add up the superscripts it should equal
the number of electrons for that particular atom.
CHECK-OUT:
What are three kinds of orbitals
and their shapes?
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: HOW IS THE NOBLE GAS
CONFIGURATION DETERMINED FOR AN ELEMENT?
*Place cell phones in cell phone caddy.
Warm-Up: What are the three
rules for filling orbitals?
HOW CAN ELECTRON CONFIGURATION QUICKLY BE
DETERMINED BY LOOKING AT THE PERIODIC TABLE?
1. Groups 1A and 2A = s orbitals
2. Group B (whole group) = d orbitals
3. Group 3A-8A = p orbitals
4. Groups at the bottom = f orbitals
CHECK-OUT:
How is the noble gas
configuration determined for an
element?
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: WHAT IS ATOMIC EMISSION AND
WHAT CAUSES IT?
*Place cell phones in cell phone caddy.
Warm-Up: What is the electron
configuration for Nickel? Both ways
please!
WHAT ARE AMPLITUDE, WAVELENGTH AND
FREQUENCY?
1. Amplitude is how high the wave is
2. Wavelength is how far from one crest to the next or one trough to
the next.
3. Frequency is how close together the waves are; the higher the
frequency the more energy the wave has
WHAT CAUSES ATOMIC EMISSION?
1. When atoms absorb energy they move into higher energy levels. These
electrons then lose energy by emitting light when they return to lower energy
levels (ground state).
2. White light is made up of all the wavelengths of light (ROYGBIV)
3. Atoms are made up of specific frequencies which correspond to a specific
color.
4. Atomic emission is like a fingerprint; no two elements have the same emission
spectrum
CHECK-OUT:
What is atomic emission and
what causes it?
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: WHAT CAUSES OBJECTS TO GLOW IN
THE DARK?
*Place cell phones in cell phone caddy.
Warm-Up: TEST Tube!!!!
HOW DO FLUORESCENCE, PHOSPHORESCENCE AND
CHEMILUMINESENCE COMPARE?
1. In each example, electrons absorb energy and move to a higher energy level. When the
release the energy they return to the lower energy level or ground state.
2. Flourescence: electrons absorb light energy, move to a higher energy level and emit light as
they immediately return to the ground state. There is no delay in light emission.
3. Phosphorescence: Electron absorb light energy, move to a higher energy level and emit light
for a while as they return to the ground state. There is a delay in light emission after light energy
is removed (they glow in the dark)
4. Chemiluminesence: Electrons absorb chemical energy, move to a higher energy level and emit
light until all chemical energy is gone.
CHECK-OUT:
What causes objects to glow in
the dark?