Transcript andrea pazourková - prentace

Andrea Pazourková
Petra Doušová
Presentation to the technical English
Theme: CARBON
Physical propetries of carbon:
 Atomic
Number: 6
 Atomic Mass Average: 12.011
 Melting Point: 3823 K (3550°C or 6422°F
 Boiling Point: 4098 K (3825°C or 6917°F)
 Stable Isomers (2)
 There isotopes ( carbon 12,13 and 14 )
Atomic structure:
Carbon has six electrons, 4 of the electrons are in its
valence shell (outershell).
The circles in the diagram show energy levels representing increasing distances from the nucleus.
The picture gives us the
impression that the
electrons are circling the
nucleus in orbits like planets
around the sun.
Energy level graph:
- a better way to look at carbon is by using an
Here we see carbon has six electrons represented by
arrows. Two electrons are found in the 1s orbital close to
the nucleus. The next two will go into the 2s orbital. The
remaining two will be in two separate 2p orbitals. This is
because the p orbitals have the same energy and the
electrons would rather be in separate orbitals.
2s
2px
2py
Isotopes:
Isotopes are atoms which have the same atomic number
but different mass numbers. They have the same number
of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
There are three kinds of carbon atom 12C, 13C and
14C. They all have the same number of protons, but the
Number of neutrons varies.
protons
neutrons
mass
number
carbon 12
6
6
12
carbon 13
6
7
13
carbon 14
6
8
14
Elemental Carbon:

Carbon is found in many different compounds. Carbon
and its components are widely distributed in nature. It is
in the food you eat, the clothes you wear, the cosmetics
you use and the gasoline that fuels your car. Carbon is
the sixth most abundant element in the universe. In
addition, carbon is a very special element because it
plays a dominant role in the chemistry of life. There are
four known allotopes of cabon:
amorphous - is used as gas absorbent and bleaching
agent

graphite

diamond

fullerene
1)Graphite – is probably best known for its use in
pencil 'lead' , also is used for high temperature
crucibles, dry cell and light arch electrodes
2) Diamond - is the hardest substance known to
man, it has a dense, extremely stable crystalline
structure, it is good conductor of heat and
electricity
Compounds of carbon:
1)
carbon+hydrogen
Organic compounds - we know a minimum of
about 1 million
methane
2)
ethanol
benzene
carbon + oxygen
carbon monoxide CO and carbon dioxide CO2 – are
the most important from the industrial point of view, CO
is used as reducing agent, CO2 is used in drinks
carbonatation or in fire extinguishers .
3) Carbon
+ halogens
general formula is CX4 - where X is fluorine, chlorine,
bromine or iodine
 (C2F4)n – teflon – is used or pots, pans, ….
 CCl2F2 – freon – used in refridgerators
 CCl4 – carbon tetrachloride, CHCl3 – chloroform,
C2H2Cl2 – dichloroethylene – are used to make a
solvents
4) Minerals - like limestone, dolomite, gypsum and
marble, contain carbonates
5) Calcium carbide - is used to prepare acetylene,
for welding and cutting metals, as well as for
preparation of other organic compounds
The End
Thank you
for
your
attention