Transcript Which atoms have symbols based on their Latin names?

CONTENT& LANGUAGE
INTEGRATED LEARNING
Liceo Scientifico Biologico Ambientale Laveno
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The goal of this module is to have students
understand the following concepts:
•The concept of matter.
•An atom’s role within matter.
•The size, shape and model of an atom.
•The subatomic particles’ properties and roles
within an atom.
•The history of discoveries regarding the atom.
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All objects are made of
matter.
Air, water, a brick even you are
made of matter.
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Development
of
Atomic Theory
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The atomic theory, which holds
that matter is composed of tiny,
indivisible particles was
proposed in the 5th century B.C.
by Leucippus and Democritus.
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This fits in nicely with
Dalton’s ideas about atoms.
However, atoms can be split.
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John Dalton held that all the
atoms of an element are of
exactly the same size and
weight and are in these two
respects unlike the atoms of
any other element.
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A major development was the
periodic table, devised by
Dmitri Mendeleev and J. L.
Meyer, which arranged atoms
of different elements in order
of increasing atomic weight .
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By the end of the 19th century it was
generally accepted that matter is
composed of atoms that combine to
form molecules.
an oxygen molecule
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In 1911, Ernest Rutherford
developed the first
coherent explanation of
the structure of an atom.
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Using alpha particles emitted
by radioactive atoms,
Rutherford showed that the
atom consists of a central,
positively charged core, the
nucleus,
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and negatively charged
particles called electrons
that orbit the nucleus.
electrons
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Experiments by H. G. J.
Moseley showed that each
nucleus was characterized by
an atomic number,
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so by rearranging the periodic
table according to atomic
number a more systematic
arrangement was obtained.
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With the discovery of the
neutron in 1932 the modern
picture of the atom was
complete.
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Symbols
Each atom has its own name and
chemical symbol. Most symbols
resemble their English names.
Some are based on their original
Latin names.
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Symbol
Atom
Hydrogen
H
Helium
Nitrogen
He
N
Ne
Neon
Oxygen
Chlorine
lron
Copper
Lead
O
CI
Fe
Cu
Pb
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Which atoms
have symbols
based on their
Latin names?
Can you see
where the word
“plumber” came
from?
Molecules
Bless her!
She’s building
a DNA
molecule
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Molecules are groups of 2
or more atoms bonded
together.
A hydrogen
molecule
A molecule is formed when two or
more atoms join together chemically.
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Chemical formula
Can you guess the most well-known
chemical formula in the world ?
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Common molecules.
Nitrogen N2
N
N
H
N
Ammonia NH3
H
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H
Elements
Elements
just can 't be
split into
simpler
substances !
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Elements contain only one type of
atom.
There are 92 different types of atoms
found naturally on Earth.
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Your body is made up from just
26 of these!
All those substances in this
person… from just 26 types
of atoms!
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Compounds
Compounds contain 2 or more
types of atoms (chemically bonded
together)
A molecule of
methane (a
compound)
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Mixtures
Mixtures are two or more
substances that are mixed
together but not chemically
joined. A good example of a
mixture is salad.
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When spices are added to a cake
before baking, do you think they
form compounds or mixtures?
Why?
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AT
MIC
STRUCTURE
Atoms are the stuff all elements
and compounds are made of.
They’re made up of 3 types of
particles – protons, neutrons
and electrons.
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Inside the atom
I'm Ned the
Neutron and
I'm pretty
heavy
I'm Elvis the
Electron and
I'm pretty quick
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I'm Penny
the Proton
and I'm
pretty large
Nucleus
Electrons
have -1 charge
Electrons whizz around the nucleus
in orbitals.
The orbitals take up most of the
volume of the atom.
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nucleus
The nucleus is where you find
the protons and neutrons
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Most of the mass of the atom is
concentrated in the nucleus.
The nucleus is where you find
the protons(+) and neutrons(0).
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The electrons in the atom are arranged in
shells around the nucleus.
1st shell holds 2 electrons
2nd shell holds 8 electrons
3rd shell holds 8 electrons
nucleus
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Nuclear Symbols show
numbers of Subatomic Particle
You can figure out the number of protons,
neutrons and electrons from the nuclear
symbol.
Element symbol
Mass number
A
Atomic number
X
Z
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Atomic Number
H
1
protons
This is the number of
in the nucleus.
It identifies the elements.
All atoms of the same element have
the same number of protons.
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Mass Number
This tells you the total
number of protons
and neutrons in the
nucleus.
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For neutral atoms with no overall
charge, the number of electrons
is the same as the number of protons
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The number of neutrons is just
Mass number minus atomic number
i.e. “top minus bottom”
in the nuclear symbol.
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Number of neutrons
A
7
Li
3
Z
neutrons
7 - 3= 4
How many electrons are in a
lithium atom?
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Isotopes
Isotopes of an element are atoms
with the same number of protons
but different numbers of neutrons
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Isotopes are a bit like Easter eggs
which have the same chocolate
shell,but different numbers of
sweets inside !
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Two isotopes of carbon
6 protons and
6 neutrons
6 protons and
8 neutrons
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CLASS TEST
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Reference material in English on
the internet:
www.chem.purdue.edu
www.nyu.edu
www. bbc.co.uk
www.chemistryforyou.co.uk
www.chem4kids.com
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