Transcript Periodic Table of Awesomeness (Elements)

Periodic Table of Awesomeness
(Elements)
Subatomic Particles
Electrical Charge
Protons
Electrons
Valence electrons
Neutrons
Location
Size
Positive
Nucleus
Large mass
Negative
Cloud (outside)
Small mass (almost
no mass)
Negative
Very outside (outer
shell)
Small mass (almost
no mass)
Nucleus
Large Mass
Information on Each Element
• There are 4 main pieces on each square of the
periodic table:
Information on Each Element
• There are 4 main pieces on each square of the
periodic table:
Atomic Number: The number of protons the
Element has
Protons identifies the element!
Information on Each Element
• There are 4 main pieces on each square of the
periodic table:
Element Symbol: Letter(s) that represent the
element.
Information on Each Element
• There are 4 main pieces on each square of the
periodic table:
Element Name
Information on Each Element
• There are 4 main pieces on each square of the
periodic table:
Atomic Mass: The average mass of all isotopes
of the atom found in nature.
Mass Number = Protons + Neutrons
Mass Number
• He – 4
• C – 12
• C - 14
APE MAN
6
6
6
8
8
8
16
8
8
O-16
14
6
8
6
6
6
12
6
6
Carbon - 14
C-12
Groups/Periods
GroupsVertical
columns on
Periodic Table
Circle Group
3B and label it
Group.
Group
Groups/Periods
PeriodHorizontal
Rows on
Periodic
Table. Tells
you how
many energy
levels the
atom has.
Circle period
5 and label it
period!
Period
Metals/ Metalloids/ Nonmetals
Metals
Metalloids
Nonmetals
Shade and Make a
key for each!
Groups with Specific Names
Group 1:
Alkali Metals
Group 2:
Alkaline Earth
Metals
Group 17:
Halogens
Group 18:
Noble Gases
Trends in Periodic Table
Atomic Radius – How big the atom is
Smallest
Increasing
Atomic
Radius
“Fat Frank”
Biggest
Increasing Atomic Radius
Let’s Practice
• Which of the following atoms has the largest
atomic radius?
– Barium, Calcium, Yttrium
• Which of the following has the smallest
atomic radius?
– Boron, Iodine, Fluorine
Valence Electrons
Column/Group
1A has 1
valence
electron
Column/Group
8A has 8
valence
electron
(except for He
which has 2)
Valence Electrons
• Valence electrons = e- in outermost shell that
determines reactivity/bonding
This is indicated for each column/group by the number in front of
the letter above
Ve-
Transition Metals have can have
different valence electrons
Let’s Practice
• Find the valence electrons for
– Carbon 4
– Nitrogen 5
– Oxygen 6
– Hydrogen 1
– Phosphorus 5
– Sulfur 6
CHONPS
The most common molecules that make up
living organisms (organic)
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Box these in!!
Diatomic Molecules
Elements that naturally appear in pairs such a
O2
These are
still
elements,
NOT
compounds
Box in the
7!
Oxidation
• Hypothetical charges ions or atoms would have
once bonds are formed.
• Atoms have a 0 net charge before bonding.
• Bonds form because atoms want to become more
stable.
• Most atoms are stable with 8 valence electrons.
• Positive number means Group members can GIVE
an electron.
• Negative number means Group members can
GAIN an electron.
Oxidation Numbers
None
+1
+2
-1
+3 +/- 4 - 3 - 2
Let’s Practice
• What is the oxidation # for:
gave
– Sodium +1
– Magnesium +2 gave
– Potassium +1 gave
– Carbon +/- 4 Gave/gained
– Neon None No reaction No bonding
– Fluorine -1 Gained
• Did they gain or give electrons?
Octet Rule
• Most atoms want 8 valance electrons to
become stable.
• Exceptions H and He which follow duet rule.
+ 11 proton
-10 electrons
+1 Charge!!!
Reactivity
• Reactivity refers to the rate at which a chemical substance tends to
undergo a chemical reaction.
Metals
Increasing
Reactivity
Non-Metals
Increasing
Reactivity
Let’s Practice
• Which of the following is the most reactive metal?
– Na, K, Rb
– K, Ca, Sc
• Which of the following is the most reactive nonmetal?
– Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen
– C, Si, Ge
• Which group/family is the most reactive metal?
1A/ Alkali Metals
• Which group/family is the most reactive nonmetal?
17 or 7A/ Halogens
• Which group is least reactive?
18 or 8A/Noble Gases