Transcript ReviewCat1 - greenslime.info

STAAR Review
Category 1-Matter & Energy
Students demonstrate an understanding of
the properties of matter and energy
and their interactions.
Key Terminology
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Conductivity - ability to transfer heat and/or electricity
Density - measure of a materials mass per unit volume (m/v)
Luster - describes how a material reflect light
Malleability - materials flexibility without breaking
Metals - good conductors of heat/electricity
Metalloids - have properties of both metals & nonmetals
Non-metals - poor conductors of heat/electricity
Valence - # of electrons in the outer most shell of an atom;
- determines the reactivity of an element
8.5A; 6.6A
Do you know?
• Element is
a substance that cannot be broken
down into simpler substances.
• Compound is
two or more elements combined to form a
new substance whose characteristics are
different than the original elements.
• Mixture is
two or more substances that are
not chemically combined and can be
separated.
6.5C
Common Elements & Compounds…
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He Helium
N Nitrogen
C Carbon
S Sulfur
P Phosphorus
Ca Calcium
Cl Chlorine
Si Silicon
8.5D; 7.6A
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H2O Water
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
NaCl Sodium Chloride (salt)
C6H12O6 Glucose (sugar)
CO Carbon Monoxide
HCl Hydrochloric Acid
CH4 Methane
Atom Structure
electron
cloud
atom
electrons
* negative charge
* mass=0.005 AMU (0)
protons
nucleus
* positive charge
* mass = 1 AMU
neutrons
* NO charge (neutral)
* mass = 1 AMU
8.5A
The Atom
* negatively charged
* mass = 0.005 AMU
* no charge (neutral)
* mass = 1 AMU
8.5A
* positively charged
* mass = 1 AMU
* protons + neutrons = Atomic mass
The Element Cube
8.5C
Element
Name
Element
Symbol
Atomic
Number
(# of P+)
Atomic
Mass
(avg. # of
P+ + N0)
Periodic Table
Whatdo
doall
allmembers
membersof
ofa
What
What
What
is is
a a
column
row called?
called?
the
Helium
family
have in
family have in common?
common?
Nitrogen
Family
Period 6
Every
element
in a Family
Period OR
hasGroup
the- same
number
of are
energy
levels
This
is the
Nitrogen
V (15):
There
5 VALENCE
*** Same
#
of
enon-reactive
; same
reactivity
***
*** electrons
Noble
gases;
***
(or valence
orbitals
electron
in
everyorelement
in shells)
this group.
How many…
2C6H12O6
• Molecules
–2
• Elements
8.5D
3Ba(CH3COO)2
• Molecules
–3
• Elements
–3
–4
• Atoms
• Atoms
– 48
– 45
Chemical Reactions
& Equations
Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide  Sodium Chloride + Water
HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O
Is this equation balanced?
H=2
H=2
Cl = 1
Cl = 1
Na = 1
Na = 1
O=1
O=1
YES, it is balanced.
8.5E
Question
• In the diagram, which cools off more
quickly?
A. the land
B. the water
C. neither
D. not given
6.9C