Transcript The Periodic Law

Chapter 5B Notes
Exploring the Periodic Table
Periodic Law Demonstrated in Groups

Why do
elements in
groups have
similar physical
& chemical
properties?


Same number of
valence e-’s in their
outer energy
levels.
Similar e- configs
of outer e-’s of
elements within
same group.
METALS
METALLOIDS
NONMETALS
ALKALI
METALS +1
ALKALINE-EARTH
METALS +2
HALOGENS -1
NOBLE GASES 0
TRANSITION
METALS +1, +2, +3
INNER TRANSITION
(Rare Earth)
METALS
LANTHANIDES
ACTINIDES
PERIODS 7
GROUPS 18
MAIN GROUP
ELEMENTS
Let’s Compare!
Metals
 Good conductors
of heat & elect.
 Malleable
 Ductile
 Luster
 Solids at RT
Nonmetals
 Solids, liquids &
gases at RT
 Solids are brittle
and dull
 Poor conductors
of heat & elect.
Metalloids
 Properties of
metals &
nonmetals
 Mostly brittle
solids
 Intermediate
conductors of
elect. - aka
semiconductors
Atomic Radii

Atomic radius – one-half distance
between nuclei of identical atoms that
are bonded together.
Atomic Radius
Distance between nuclei
Period Trends

Decreases across a period
Group Trends

Increase down a group
Atomic Radii Trends
DECREASES
DECREASES
Ionization Energy

Energy required to remove one e from neutral atom of an element
(creates an ion).
A + Energy  A+ + e-
Ionization Energy Trends
INCREASES
INCREASES
Electron Affinity
Change in energy that a neutral atom
undergoes when an e - is acquired.
 Ability to attract an e -.

Electron Affinity Trends
INCREASES
INCREASES
Ionic Radii

Cation – positively charged ion
Removal of an e - creates an unbalanced positive charge .

Anion – negatively charged ion
Addition of an e - creates an unbalanced negative charge .
+
++ +
+
+ +
Ionic Radii Trends
DECREASES
DECREASES
Valence Electrons
E -’s available to be gained, lost or
shared in forming chemical compound.
 Located in the outer energy level.

Electronegativity

Ability of an atom in a chemical
compound to attract a bonding pair of
e -’s.
Electronegativity Trends
INCREASES
INCREASES
Chapter 5 SUTW Prompt
Describe the properties of metals,
nonmetals, & metalloids and how they
are arranged on the Periodic Table of
Elements.
 Complete an 11-13 sentence paragraph
using the SUTW paragraph format.
Highlight using green, yellow, and pink.
 Due Date: Friday (start of class).
