Transcript Synthetic Transition Metals

Chapter Five
The Periodic Table
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PA Standards
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 3.1.12.A Unifying Themes
 3.4.10.A Physical Science,
Chemistry and Physics
 3.4.12.A Physical Science,
Chemistry and Physics
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Apply concepts of models
as a method to predict and
understand science and
technology.
Explain the repeating
pattern of chemical
properties by using the
repeating patterns of
atomic structure within the
periodic table.
Explain how radioactive
isotopes are subject to
decay.
Objectives:
Organizing the Elements
Explain how Mendeleev arranged the
elements in the periodic table.
 Explain how elements are arranged in
the modern periodic table.
 Determine how many protons,
neutrons, and electrons an atom has,
given its’ symbol, atomic number, and
mass number
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Organization
Why do we organize things?
 What are some examples of things that
we organize?
 How do we organize things?
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Activity
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Boulder
600 mL beaker
Balloon
Pencil
Stone
Greensburg
Pin
Tree
Sparkling Grape
Juice Bottle
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Ring Stand
Pittsburgh
Nail
Aquarium
Hot air balloon
Wooden Baseball
Bat
New York City
Sand
Blimp
Dmitri Mendeleev
Periodic Table Organization
Atomic Mass
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table (1869)
Why start a new row?
Predictions
Silicon, _______, Tin
Silicon
Tin
Atomic Mass
28.0855
118.71
Density
2.33 g/cm3
7.31 g/cm3
Appearance
See below
See below
Melting Point
1414°C
231.93°C
Germanium
http://www.periodictable.com/
Mendeleev’s
Prediction
Actual Property
Atomic Mass
70
72.6
Density
5.5 g/cm3
5.3 g/cm3
Appearance
Dark gray metal
Gray metalloid
Melting Point
High
937°C
What doesn’t fit the pattern?
Modern Periodic Table
PERIOD
GROUP
http://www.popsci.com/files/periodic_popup.html
Properties
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Period
 From left to right
○ Reactivity and Conductivity change
○ Less Metallic
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Group
 Similar Chemical Properties
 Ex. Group 18 - unreactive
Atomic and Mass Number
Symbol
Atomic # (Z)
Mass # (A)
Name
Objectives:
Exploring the Periodic Table
Relate the organization of the periodic
table to the arrangement of electrons
within an atom.
 Explain why some atoms gain or lose
electrons to form ions.
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Reactivity
Valence Electrons
Ions – Cation
Lithium – Balanced Charge
Lithium – Unbalanced Charge
1 e2
2 e-
eElectron
Lost
3 protons
+
Li
Ions – Anion
Fluorine – Balanced Charge
Fluorine – Unbalanced Charge
8 e-
7 e2
2 e-
eElectron
Gained
9 protons
F
Objectives:
Families of Elements
Locate semiconductors, halogens, and
noble gases in the periodic table.
 Locate alkali metals, alkaline-earth
metals, and transition metals in the
periodic table.
 Relate an element’s chemical properties
to the electron arrangement of its atoms.
 Describe how the abundance of
isotopes affects an element’s average
atomic mass.
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Classification
Metals
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Conductors
 Electricity
 Heat
Ductile
 Malleable
 Most are Shiny
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Alkali Metals
Alkaline-Earth Metals
Transition Metals
Synthetic Transition Metals
Synthetic Elements
Synthetic
Transition
Metals
43
Technetium
(Tc)
104
Rutherfordium
(Rf)
105
Dubnium
(Db)
106
Seaborgium
(Sg)
107
Bohrium
Bh
108
Hassium
(Hs)
109
Meitnerium
(Mt)
110
Darmstadtium
(Ds)
Nonmetals
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Poor Conductors
 Electricity
 Heat
Not Ductile
 Not Malleable
 Most not Shiny
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Noble Gases
Halogens
Other Nonmetals
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Carbon
 Sugar
 Chlorophyll
 Gasoline
 Rubber Tires
Semiconductors
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Share properties with:
 Metals
 Nonmetals
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Can conduct electricity
 Only under certain conditions
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Main components of:
 Computer chips
 Electronic devices
Semiconductors
Hydrogen