Transcript Review for the Physical Science Final

Review for the Physical
Science Final
By Samantha Pereira
Chapter 11- Introduction to
Atoms
By Samantha Pereira
Chapter Summary
This
chapter tells
you more about
atoms, the
development of
the atomic
theory.
Lesson 1- Development of the
Atomic Theory
Lesson 1 Vocabulary
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Atom- the smallest unit of an
element
Electron- a subatomic particle that
has a negative charge
Nucleus- an atom’s central region
Electron Cloud- region around the
nucleus of an atom where electrons
are likely to be found
Lesson Summary

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
Democritus
thought that is
composed of
atoms.
Dalton based his
theory on
observations of
how elements
combine.
Thomson
discovered
electrons in
Lesson 2- The Atom
Lesson 2 Vocabulary
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Proton- a subatomic particle that has a
positive charge
Atomic Mass Unit- a unit of mass that
describes the mass of an atom or molecule
Neutron- a subatomic particle that has no
charge
Atomic Number-the number if the protons in
the nucleus of an atom
Isotope- an atom that has the same number
of protons as other atoms of the same
element
Mass Number- the sum of the protons and
neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Lesson Summary
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
Atoms are
extremely small.
Ordinary-sized
objects are made
up of very large
numbers of atoms.
The mass number
of an atom is the
sum of the atom’s
neutrons and
protons.
Sources


Science textbook
www.ask.com/images
Chapter 12- The
Periodic Table
By Samantha Pereira
Chapter Summary
This
chapter will
teach you about the
periodic table and
how to arrange and
group the elements
on the periodic table.
Lesson 1- Arranging the
Elements
Lesson 1 Vocabulary
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Periodic- something that occurs at
regular intervals
Periodic Law- the law that states that
the repeating chemical and physical
properties of elements change
periodically with the atomic numbers
of the elements
Period- a horizontal row of elements
in the periodic table
Group- a vertical column of elements
in the periodic table
Lesson Summary
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
Mendeleev
developed the first
periodic table by
listing the
elements in order
of increasing
atomic mass.
Properties of
elements repeat in
a regular, or
periodic, pattern.
Lesson 2- Grouping the
Elements
Lesson 2 Vocabulary
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Alkali Metal- one of the elements of
Group 1
Alkaline-Earth Metal- one of the
elements of Group 2
Halogen- one of the elements of
Group 17
Noble Gas- one of the elements of
Group 18
Lesson Summary
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Alkali metals are
the most reactive
metals. Atoms of
the alkali metals
have one electron
in their outer level.
Groups 13-16
contain the
metalloids and
some metals and
nonmetals.
Sources


www.ask.com/images
Science textbook
Chapter 13- Chemical
Bonding
By Samantha Pereira
Chapter Summary
 This
chapter will tell you
more about the three kinds
of chemical bonds. You will
also learn about how bonds
are formed.
Section 1- Electrons and Chemical
Bonding
Lesson 1 Vocabulary
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Chemical Bonding- the combining of
atoms to form molecules or ionic
compounds
Chemical Bond- an interaction that holds
atoms or ions together
Valence Electron- an electron that is found
in the outermost shell of an atom and
determines its properties
Lesson Summary
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Chemical bonding is
the joining of atoms
to form new
substances. A
chemical bond is an
interaction that holds
two atoms together
A valence electron is
an electron in the
outermost energy
level of an atom.
Lesson 2- Ionic Bonds
Lesson 2 Vocabulary
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Ionic Bond- a bond that forms when
electrons are transferred from one atom to
another atom
Ion- a charged particle that formms when
an atom or group of atoms gains or loses
one or more electrons
Crystal Lattice- the regular pattern in
which a crystal is arranged
Lesson Summary
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An ionic bond is a
bond that forms when
electrons are
transferred from one
atom to another.
During chemical
bonding, the atoms
become oppositely
charged particles.
Lesson 3- Covalent and Metallic
Bonds
Lesson 3 Vocabulary
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Covalent Bond- a bond formed when
atoms share one or more pairs of
electrons
Molecule- the smallest unit of a substance
that keeps all of the physical and chemical
properties of that substance
Metallic Bond-a bond formed by the
attraction between positively charged
metal ions and the electrons around them
Lesson Summary
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In covalent bonding,
two atoms share
electrons.
A covalent forms
when atoms share
one or more pairs of
electron.
Covalently bonded
atoms form a particle
called a molecule.
Sources


www.ask.com/images
Science textbook
Sources
Chapter 11 Powerpoint
 Chapter 12 Powerpoint
 Chapter 13 Powerpoint
 Science textbook
 www.ask.com/images
