Transcript Practice Clicker Questions: Atoms and Radioactivity, Introduction to

Any material that is made up of only
one type of atom is classified as
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
an element.
an isotope.
a molecular substance.
radioactive
a gas.
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Atoms are
1. all radioactive.
2. all electrically charged
particles.
3. composed of molecules.
4. mostly empty space.
5. all of these choices.
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Which of the following particles are
electrically neutral?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Proton
Electron
Ion
Neutron
All of these choices
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The atomic number of an element is
defined by the number of
1. electrons + neutrons in an
atom.
2. electrons + protons in an
atom.
3. neutrons in the nucleus of an
atom.
4. Protons and neutrons in the
nucleus of an atom.
5. protons in the nucleus of an
atom.
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A nucleus with an atomic number of 30
and a mass number of 65 must have
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2.
3.
4.
5.
35 protons.
30 neutrons.
35 neutrons.
65 neutrons.
65 protons.
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Which of the following is true about the
radiation that we are exposed to in the
everyday environment?
1. Most radiation is from
natural sources such as
minerals in the Earth or
cosmic rays.
2. Radiation originates from
human sources such as
fallout from nuclear
weapons and contamination
from nuclear power plants.
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Isotopes are
1.
2.
3.
4.
Atoms of the same element
with different numbers of
electrons.
Atoms with different
numbers of protons.
Atoms of the same element
with different numbers of
neutrons.
All radioactive due to
unstable nuclei.
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Which of these forms of radiation
consists of high-speed electrons
1.
2.
3.
4.
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Neutron
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Which of these is the most penetrating
in common materials?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
All of the above are
equally penetrating.
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Which of the following regularly releases the
most radioactive material to the
surroundings?
1. Coal-burning power
plants.
2. Nuclear power
plants.
Global coal combustion
annually releases 13,000 tons
of radioactive uranium and
thorium into the atmosphere.
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When food is exposed to gamma
radiation, the food
1. unfortunately becomes
slightly radioactive.
2. doesn’t become radioactive
at all.
3. will spoil faster.
4. becomes quite radioactive
and should be avoided by
health-conscious people.
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In the nucleus of an atom, the strong
nuclear force is a
1.
2.
3.
4.
short-range force.
long-range force.
undetectable force.
repulsive force.
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The strong nuclear force is a very
distance-sensitive attraction.
When the nucleus of an atom ejects an
alpha particle, the mass number of the atom
1.
2.
3.
4.
reduces by 2.
reduces by 4.
increases by 2.
increases by 4.
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When the nucleus of an atom ejects a beta
particle, the atomic number of that atom
1.
2.
3.
4.
reduces by 1.
increases by 1.
reduces by 2.
increases by 2.
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When uranium-238 emits an alpha
particle, uranium transforms into
1.
2.
3.
4.
thorium-242.
thorium-238.
thorium-234.
any of the above
thorium isotopes.
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When thorium-234 emits a beta
particle, thorium transforms to
1.
2.
3.
4.
protactinium-232.
protactinium-233.
protactinium-234.
protactinium-235.
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Compared with the mass of a proton that is bound
in an atomic nucleus, the mass of a free proton is
1. the same.
2. different.
Nucleons bound in a nucleus
can have a different amount
of energy (mass) than
nucleons that are by
themselves.
Mass is a condensed form of
energy! (E = mc2)
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Mass of an atomic nucleus is not equal to
the sum of the masses of its parts!
Energy
Fe is at the bottom of an “energy valley”.
Has the most tightly bound and stable
nucleus in existence.
Energy is released during
nuclear reactions.
Energy source of
the Sun and other
stars.
The fusion of 1 gram of H can
release as much energy as 20 tons
of coal!
Also occurs during
detonation of
thermonuclear
(hydrogen)bombs
Nuclear Fusion in the Sun
• 0.7% of H is converted into
energy, but the Sun
consumes 657 million tons
of H every second.
• 4 million tons of H is
converted into energy every
second.
A source of energy harnessed by nuclear
reactors and fission (atomic) bombs
Nuclear Fission Reaction:
Lost mass became energy
released
Nuclear Fusion Reaction:
Lost mass became energy
released
E = mc2
• Any nuclear transformation that moves nuclei
toward iron (Fe) releases energy.
• Iron is the “nuclear sink” for all nuclear energy
production in the universe.