Transcript Organizing the periodic table

Organizing the periodic
table
Understanding the elements begins with
knowing how to read the periodic table.
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The Periodic Table
Began with Mendeleev’s
Periodic Table of 63
elements.
He noticed when the table
was arranged in order of
atomic mass, a pattern of
properties became evident.
The modern periodic table
has over 100 elements
continues to grow.
The modern periodic table
The periodic table
which is used today
is arranged in such
a way that
properties of an
element can be
predicted based on
their location in the
table.
How is the periodic table arranged?
The periodic table is arranged in horizontal rows called periods.
The row, or the period is always read from left to right the same
fashion as a book.
There are seven periods found in the periodic table.
The first horizontal row is called period 1, and contains two
elements (atoms).
The two atoms in period 1 are Hydrogen and Helium.
How do atoms progress across the
periodic table?
The table is arranged
so that properties of
elements change as
the table is read from
left to right.
Metals are on the left
side of the table and
the most reactive
metals are on the far
left.
The right side of the Periodic Table
The right side of the
periodic table is filled
with non metals, and
the far right side of
the periodic table is
filled with inert gases.
The majority of the
gases are found on
the right side of the
table.
What is in the middle of the
Periodic Table
The middle of the periodic
table is filled with a group
known as “semimetals”.
The semimetals are a list
of several elements which
have the some of the
characteristics of metals,
but also have other
important characteristics
which are not found in
metals. These elements
can be used for many
things.
What is on the left side of the
Periodic Table
The left side of the
table is a number of
elements which react
violently with water.
The majority of the
known molecules and
proteins in the human
body consist of
theses atoms.
Periods
Periods are rows
which go across the
table from left to right.
As the table is read
from left to right the
weight of the atom
increases. The lightest
atom is Hydrogen, the
heaviest is
Ununoctium, atomic
number 118.
Groups
The vertical columns of the
periodic table are known as a
group.
Another name for each group is a
“family”.
Each group is filled with atoms
which have similar characteristics.
There are eighteen groups in the
periodic table.
The lanthanides and actinides do
not fit in the periodic table
because the table would be far to
wide and are not given a group.
Reading the data on the table
In the periodic table each
element or atom present
has four important pieces
of information.
First- the elements
atomic number, which
also is the number of
protons in the nucleus.
Second- the chemical
symbol (abbreviation).
Third- element name.
Fourth- atomic mass.
Electronegativity is a measure of the attraction of
an atom for the electrons in a chemical bond.
The most strongly electronegative element,
Fluorine (F).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The most strongly electronegative element,
Fluorine (F).
“I want electrons.”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The most strongly electronegative element,
Fluorine (F).
The least electronegative element is
Francium (Fr).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The most strongly electronegative element,
Fluorine (F).
The least electronegative element is
Francium (Fr).
“I want to give away one
electron.”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy