Transcript Nuclear Weapons

Nuclear
Weapons
Created By: Kloé Darnell, Becca
Rush, Jessica Gates, Jared
Beale, & Tyler Valentine
Introduction to Nuclear Weapons
• Nuclear Weapon: A weapon of destructive power comes from
nuclear energy; an atomic bomb or a hydrogen bomb
Facts:
• The first nuclear weapon was used in the early 1900s
• A neutron must pass through core of nuclear weapon, in order to
explode
• 1951-present records: 67,500+ nuclear missiles have been
assembled
• A small quantity of radiation is beneficial to health
• $35,100,000,000+ has been spent on nuclear weapons education
related programs
KLOE DARNELL
What is the difference between a
hydrogen and atomic bomb?
• Hydrogen bomb: a bomb whose explosion is due to the
release of atomic energy from fusion of hydrogen atoms at
high temperature and pressure to form helium nuclei
• Atomic bomb: a bomb whose explosion is due to the
release of energy resulting from splitting of nuclei of a
chemical element by neutrons in a rapid chain reaction
KLOE DARNELL
Which countries have a nuclear arsenal?
Thermonuclear state
Britain
China
France
Russia
United States
Atomic State
Suspected Atomic State
India
Israel
Suspected Weapons
Program
North Korea
Algeria
Pakistan
Brazil
Egypt
Iran
South Korea
Syria
Ended Weapons Research
Program Dismantled
Disarmed
Argentina
Iraq
Belarus
Australia
Libya
Canada
Romania
Kazakhstan
Spain
South Africa
Sweden
Ukraine
Switzerland
Uzbekistan
Taiwan
Yugoslavia
KLOE DARNELL
Relationship between Countries
• The relationship between these states, have never been the same
since the Cold War. Whether the countries use nuclear weapons as
defense or power, they are on edge and in deal of secretive
“alliance”. Treaties like the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty, is
signed to ensure refraining from imports or exports of nuclear
weapons. These treaties help control the movement and determine
the relationship of Countries, involved with nuclear weapons.
“The commission’s conclusion is simple and far from any
alarmist views and cut-and-dried analyses: what unites
Europe and the United States is far greater than what
divides them.”
KLOE DARNELL
Elements of Atomic Bombs
• Pu- 239
• U- 235
JESSICA GATES
Nuclear Fusion in the Sun
• Definition: combining
of two nuclei to create
one nucleus
H
H
p+
+
p+
n0
n0
• Reactions occur in
the core
• Intense pressure
forces the fusion of
hydrogen atoms
• The fusions form
helium atoms
n0
p
+
p
+
He
JESSICA GATES
Nuclear Fusion in the Sun, cont.
• Large amount of
energy from reaction
produces light
• Different forms of light
energy sustain sun
JESSICA GATES
Development to Detonation of the first atomic bombs
•
1938 German Scientists discovered how to split the Uranium atom creating nuclear
energy
•
August 1939 Szliard and Wigner had Einstein sign a letter to President Roosevelt
regarding the possibility or creating an atomic bomb.
•
October 9, 1941 Roosevelt approved the research of a feasibility of a bomb
•
December 7, 1941 Japan bombed Pearl Harbor’s Naval Base.
•
June 1942 Roosevelt created the top secret Manhattan Project. General Groves
appointed Robert Oppenhiemer to be in charge of designing the atomic bombs.
•
April 1943 Los Alamos was opened. The staff created two bombs, one with Uranium
and one with Plutonium
BECCA RUSH
Fat Man and Little Boy
World’s First Atomic Bombs
• The "Little Boy" type,
which was dropped on
Hiroshima, triggered a
nuclear explosion by
firing one piece of
uranium 235 into
another.
• The "Fat Man" type,
which was dropped on
Nagasaki, was more
complex. It contained a
sphere of the metal
plutonium 239, around
which were arrayed
blocks of high
explosives.
BECCA RUSH
• July 15, 1945 the explosion of the first atomic bomb took place
at Trinity Site
• August 6, 1945 US dropped the atomic bomb (“Little Man”) on
Hiroshima
• August 9, 1945 the explosion of the second atomic bomb
devastated the city of Nagasaki
BECCA RUSH
Hypothetical aftermath of a
nuclear war
• Water and land would be contaminated
and destroyed
• All animals would die, or be uneatable
• Cause extreme and unusual weather
phenomenon
• World politics would be in utter chaos
http://gtm-media.discoveryeducation.com/videos/21524/sec14610_700k.asf
BECCA RUSH
Radiation effects on humans
•
•
•
•
•
Cancer
Leukemia
Mutations
Birth defects
Severe burns
BECCA RUSH
Introduction
• The two most deadly bombs dropped on
Japan during WW2 were atomic bombs.
• They got their new ,massive, power from
the nuclear fission (splitting) of atoms
Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239
Tyler Valentine
From Dream to Reality
• There are 2 ways to create and detonate a
supercritical mass in an atomic bomb
• These 2 ways are the Gun Method and the
Implosion Method
Tyler Valentine
Gun Method
• Technique used to detonate Fat Man and
Little Boy in WW2
• This is a more complex way consisting of
a detonator at one end of a long narrow
tube called the tamper and the Uranium at
the other end of the tube
• The Detonator releases a conventional
charge to travel through the tamper and
collide with the Uranium 235 at the other
end
Tyler Valentine
Gun Bomb
Tyler Valentine
Implosion Method
• The second and more modern way to
detonate the bomb is the Implosion
Method.
• Core is a sphere of Plutonium or Uranium
and a tamper to stop fissile material from
flying apart before the chain reaction is
complete
• Outer Layer composed of high explosives
covering the sphere
Tyler Valentine
Implosion Bomb
Tyler Valentine
Nuclear Fission
•The explosive force demonstrated by a nuclear bomb gets its feared
power from the splitting of heavy nuclei or, nuclear fission.
•Uranium and Plutonium are the easiest to split because of their
large size.
•Nuclear Fission occurs when a random neutron strikes any random
Uranium or Plutonium atom.
•The Neutron breaks apart the Uranium atom into two different
atoms, Barium and Krypton.
•Not only is the one random neutron that first strikes the uranium
atom released but so is one other additional neutron.
•In addition to two neutrons being released so is a form of Radiation
Energy
External Link to Nuclear fission model
Tyler Valentine
Nuclear Fission cont.
• Once one of the uranium or plutonium
atoms goes through nuclear fission the
two reaming neutrons given off from the
fission go and start two more reactions on
two other random uranium or plutonium
atoms, thus causing an uncontrollable
chain reaction.
• Then you get what is behind this
paragraph
Tyler Valentine
Nuclear Fission
Tyler Valentine
Radiation Energy
• The High level Energy released from nuclear
fission that causes nuclear fallout is Radiation
Energy.
• One of these Uranium atoms going through
nuclear fission only gives off enough radiation
energy to make a tiny grain of sand jump.
• However, the trillions of Uranium atoms put in
the atomic bombs is what causes these mass
explosions.
Tyler Valentine
Summary
• Nuclear weapons are controversial, but
vital in some circumstances. The dreadful
effects outnumber the advantages of
nuclear weapons. Nonetheless, the need
for nuclear weapons helps us to survive
and make a stance amongst other
countries. There are pros and cons, what
is your outlook on nuclear weapons?
KLOE DARNELL
the end
KLOE DARNELL