Transcript Elements, Isotopes, and Ions

Solving atomic calculations:
• Working with:
– Elements
– Isotopes
– Ions
– Atomic #
– Atomic mass
– Charge
THE BASICS:
Elements, Isotopes, and Ions
1. ELEMENTS: are atoms with the same #
of protons (same Atomic #)
2. ISOTOPES (mass): are atoms of the
same element with a particular # of
neutrons (electrons aren’t involved)
3. IONS (charge): are atoms of the same
element with a particular # of electrons
(neutrons aren’t involved)
Elements, Isotopes, and Ions
REMEMBER:
-protons:
-have a charge of +1, so they
are involved in determining ions
(atoms of a particular charge)
-have a mass of 1, so they
are involved in determining
isotopes (atoms of a particular
mass)
REMEMBER:
-neutrons:
-have a charge of 0, so they are NOT
involved in determining ions
(atoms of a particular charge)
-have a mass of 1, so they are involved in
determining isotopes (atoms of a
particular mass)
REMEMBER:
-electrons:
-have a charge of -1, so they are
involved in determining ions (atoms of a
particular charge)
-have a mass of almost 0, so they are
NOT involved in determining isotopes
(atoms of a particular mass)
CALCULATIONS
• MASS NUMBER:
– Is the total mass of a certain ISOTOPE of an
element.
1. How to calculate mass #:
# of protons + # of neutrons = mass #
2. How to calculate # of neutrons from mass #:
(Mass #)
–
↕
(# of P + # of N) –
(atomic #) = # of neutrons
↕
(# of P) =
↕
# of N
CALCULATIONS
• CHARGE, OR IONS:
– Is the total charge (+ or - ) of a certain ION of an
element.
1. How to calculate charge:
Difference between the # of protons & # of electrons =
charge of an ion
2. How to calculate # of neutrons from mass #:
(+ Protons ) + (- electrons) = charge
Ex.: +5p + (-3e) = +2
OR
+ 5 p - -3e = 2, since there’s more p’s than e’s, its +2
CALCULATIONS:
• ATOMIC # FROM OTHER INFORMATION:
1. From the charge:
Ex.: if an atom has a charge of +2, and has 6- electrons,
its Atomic # = 8 (+2 means it has 2 more + protons than
-electrons; (+2) + (6 electrons) = 8 protons = atomic # 8)
2. from # of neutrons and the mass #:
(Mass #)
– (# of neutrons) = atomic #
↕
↕
↕
(# of P + # of N) – (# of neutrons) = (# of P)