Transcript Periodic Table

The Periodic Table of
Elements
Elements
Science has come
along way since
Aristotle’s theory of Air,
Water, Fire, and Earth.
Scientists have
identified 92 Natural
elements, and created
about 28 others.
Elements
The elements, alone
or in combinations,
make up our
bodies, our world,
our sun, and in
fact, the entire
universe.
The most abundant element in
the earth’s crust is oxygen.
I am Dmitri Mendeleev!
I made the PERIODIC TABLE !
What is the PERIODIC TABLE?
oShows all known elements
in the universe.
oOrganizes the elements
by chemical properties.
Periodic Table
A great deal of information about an element can be
gathered from its position on the period table.
Understanding the organization and plan of the periodic
table will help you obtain basic information about each of
the 118 known elements.
How do you read the
PERIODIC TABLE?
What is the ATOMIC NUMBER?
oThe number of
protons found in the
nucleus of an atom
Or
oThe number of
electrons surrounding
the nucleus of an
atom.
What is the SYMBOL?
oAn abbreviation of
the element name.
What is the ATOMIC MASS?
oThe number of protons
and neutrons in the
nucleus of an atom.
How do I find the number of protons,
electrons, and neutrons in an element
using the periodic table?
o # of PROTONS
= ATOMIC NUMBER
o # of ELECTRONS = ATOMIC NUMBER
o # of NEUTRONS =
Atomic mass number (rounded off)
minus the atomic number
Periodic Table
Metals
Properties of Metals
Metals appear to the left of the dark ziz-zag line
on the periodic table. Most metals are solid at
room temperature.
Properties of Metals
Metals have
luster. This
means they are
shiny
Properties of Metals
Ductile
metals can be
drawn into wire.
Properties of Metals
Malleable
metals can
be hammered
into sheets
Properties of Metals
Metals have a high
melting point. They
are also very dense.
Properties of Metals
Conductors
Metals are
good
conductors of
electricity and
heat
When you leave a spoon in a cup of hot drink, the bit
poking out of the drink gets hot. Why? Conduction!
METALS are the best conductors of heat.
This is because the electrons in metals move more freely
than in non-metals, allowing the heat energy to travel
across the metal.
For example, when the spoon touches the hot drink, the
heat from the drink excites the electrons in the metal, and
the electrons transfer the energy from one electron to
another, carrying the heat all the way up the spoon
quickly.
Best conductors:
silver and copper
Physical Properties of METALS
Metals are good conductors of electricity.
Copper, silver, and gold are good
electrical conductors. In a conductor,
electric current can flow freely. Since
metals have free electrons, they can
carry a charge easily.
Copper Wiring
Properties of Metals
A chemical property
of metal is its
reaction with
water and oxygen.
This results in
corrosion and
rust.
Nonmetals
Properties of Nonmetals
Nonmetals occur to the right of the dark zig-zag on
the periodic table. Although Hydrogen is in family 1, it
is also a nonmetal. Many nonmetals are gases at
room temperature.
Properties of Nonmetals
Nonmetals do
not have
luster; they are
dull.
Properties of Nonmetals
Brittle
Nonmetals are
brittle so they
break easily.
This means
nonmetals ARE
NOT ductile or
malleable.
Properties of Nonmetals
Nonmetals
have low
density.
Properties of Nonmetals
They also have a
low melting point.
This is why they
are poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity.
Metalloids
Properties of Metalloids
Metalloids can be found clustered around the
dark zig-zag line that separates
nonmetals.
metals and
Properties of Metalloids
Metalloids (metallike) have
properties of both
metals and
nonmetals.
Properties of Metalloids
Metalloids are solids
that can be
shiny or dull.
Properties of Metalloids
They conduct
electricity and
heat better than
nonmetals but not
as well as metals.
Properties of Metalloids
Metalloids are
malleable and
ductile