Transcript ATOMIC THEORY of MATTER

ATOMIC THEORY of
MATTER
The Atomic Theory states that all
matter is made up of tiny particles
called Atoms.
Definitions
 Atoms- the smallest particle of an
element with all of the properties of that
element.
 Element- a part of a substance not able
to be separated into smaller substances
by chemical means.
 Nucleus- the center of an atom that
accounts for most of the atom’s mass.
Sub- Atomic Particles
 Protons (+) – positively charged particles
found in the nucleus of an atom.
 Neutrons (o) – neutrally charged particles
found in the nucleus of an atom.
 Electrons (-) – negatively charged
particles that revolve around the nucleus
of an atom. Symbol for electrons (e-).
Rules for Atomic
Configurations using the
PERIODIC TABLE
1. The Atomic Number is equal to the
number of Protons in the nucleus of an
atom.
2. The number of Protons is equal to the
number of Electrons.
3. To find the number of Neutrons, you
must subtract the Atomic Number from
the Atomic Mass.
Rules (Continued)
4) The Period is equal to the number of
Electron Shells for an atom.
5) The Group Number is equal to the
number of electrons in the outer shell
(Valence shell).
6) Use the correct number of Electrons per
shell to do Atomic Configurations (see
Max # e-/shell chart).
Maximum Number of
Electrons/Shell Chart
Shell Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Maximum Number of e2
8
8 or 18
8, 18 or 32
8 or 18
8
Whatever is needed!
Match the Names of the
Elements with the Elemental
Symbols
1. H 2. Li 3. Be. 4. Na 5. Mg 6. K 7. Ca
8. Ti 9. Cr 10. Mn 11. Fe 12. Co 13. Ni
14. Cu 15. Zn 16. He 17. B 18. C 19. N
20. O 21. F 22. Ne 23. Al 24. Si 25. P
26. S 27. Cl 28. Ar 29. As 30. Rb 31. Zr
32. Ag 33. Sn 34. Br 35. Kr 36. Sb 37. I
38. Xe 39. Cs. 40. Ba 41. W 42. Pt
43. Au 44. Hg 45. Pb 46. Rn 47. Fr 48. Ra
Elemental Classification
 Elements are classified as Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids, Halogens or Noble
Gases depending on where they are
located on the Periodic Table.
METALS
 These make up the majority of the
Periodic Table and are located on the
LEFT side. Most are solids at room
temperature. They are hard, have luster
(shine), conduct heat and electricity.
They usually will give up an e- because
they only have a few in the outer shell.
NON-METALS
 These are found on the right side of the
Periodic Table and are gases or dull,
brittle solids at room temperature. Nonmetals tend to gain electrons in order to
fill their outermost shell.
METALLOIDS
 Elements that are found diagonally
between the Metals and Non-metals are
called METALLOIDS. They have the
properties of metals and non-metals and
are used in computer chip applications.
Some act naturally as semi-conductor
material to conduct electricity at high
temperatures.
HALOGENS
 A series of non-metal elements in Group
17 which is the only group to contain
elements in all three (3) familiar states of
matter. The elements are Fluorine,
Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, and Astatine.
NOBLE GASES
 Rare gases to the far right on the
Periodic Table that are non-reactive
(INERT) with other elements. These
elements are in Group VIII B or Group
18.
Chemical Reactivity
 This refers to the ability to lose or gain
electrons.
FAMILY REACTIVITY- when removing an
electron this is IONIZATION, when
gaining an electron this is electron
affinity.
Family Reactivity
 Group IA (Alkali Metals)- only have to give up
one electron to be stable, very reactive. +1
Charge.
 Group IIA (Alkaline Earth Metals)- a little less
reactive, but will give up 2 e- to have a +2
charge.
 Group VIA- has to gain 2e- to become stable,
so it has a -2 charge.
 Group VIIB (Halogens)- will pick up 1e- to be
stable so it will have a -1 charge. The most
reactive non-metal elements.
RULES of EIGHT (8)
 It takes eight e- in the outer shell for an
element to become STABLE.
 IONS – when an element loses or gains
an electron.
 CATION – Positive Ions, positively
charged element.
 ANION – Negative Ion, negatively
charged element.
Periodic Table
and the
4 Blocks
GROUPS 1& 2 fill
the S-block.
GROUPS 13 – 18
fill the P-block.
GROUPS 3 – 12 fill
the D-block.
F-block is at the
bottom of the
Periodic Table.
Lanthanide #5871 and Actinide
(radioactive) #
90-103.