Transcript Atoms Family - Lyndhurst Schools

Matter &
The Atom
Matter
The term matter describes all of the
physical substances around us: your table,
your body, a pencil, water, and so forth
Matter
Anything that has
mass and takes up
space (has volume)
– Includes all things that
can be seen, tasted,
smelled, or touched
– Does not include heat,
sound, or light
Matter is made of atoms
Models
Models are often used for things
that are too small or too large to
be observed or that are too
difficult to be understood easily
Models
In the case of atoms, scientists use large
models to explain something that is very
small
Models of the atom were used to explain
data or facts that were gathered
experimentally.
So, these models are also theories
Early Models of the Atom
Democritus
Universe was made of
empty space and tiny
bits of stuff
Called these tiny bits
of stuff atomos
Atoms could not be
divided
Early Models of the Atom
Lavoisier
Demonstrated that
burning wood caused
no change in mass
Law of Conservation
of Matter
Early Models of the Atom
Dalton
All elements are composed of indivisible particles.
Atoms of the same element are the same
Atoms of different elements are different.
Compounds consisted of atoms of different
elements combined together
Early Models of the Atom
Thomson
Plum pudding model
Atom made of a positively
charged material with the
negatively charged
electrons scattered through
it.
Early Models of the Atom
Rutherford
Mostly empty space
Small, positive
nucleus
Contained protons
Negative electrons
scattered around the
outside
Early Models of the Atom
Bohr
Electrons move in
definite orbits around
the nucleus
Early Models of the Atom
Chadwick
Discovered the neutron
Modern Model of the Atom
The electron cloud
Sometimes called the
wave model
Spherical cloud of
varying density
Varying density shows
where an electron is
more or less likely to
be
Atoms Family Album
In the center of Matterville, there is a place
called the Nucleus Arcade, where two
members of the Atoms Family like to hang
out. Perky Patty Proton, like her sisters, is
quite large with a huge smile and eyes that
sparkle (+). Patty is always happy and has a
very positive personality. Nerdy Nelda
Neutron is large like Patty, but she has a
boring, flat mouth and eyes with zero
expression (o). Her family is very apathetic
and neutral about everything. Patty, Nelda,
and their sisters spend all their time at the
arcade.
++
Patty Proton
Nelda Neutron
Atoms Family Album
Around the Nucleus Arcade, you will
find a series of roadways that are used
by another member of the Atoms
Family, Enraged Elliott Electron. Elliott
races madly around the Arcade on his
bright red chrome plated HarleyDavidson. He rides so fast that no one
can be sure where he is at any time.
Elliott is much smaller than Patty and
Nelda and he is always angry because
these bigger relatives will not let him in
the Arcade. He has a frown on his face,
eyes that are squinted with anger, and
a very negative (-) attitude.
Elliot Electron
Atoms Family Album
The first energy street can only hold only two Electron
brothers. The second energy street, called the Energy
Freeway, can hold 8 brothers. The third energy street,
called the Energy Superhighway, can hold 18 of the
brothers.
Atomic Structure
Nucleus
– Protons
– Neutrons
Electrons
Atomic Structure
Electrons
Tiny, very light particles
Have a negative electrical charge (-)
Move around the outside of the nucleus
Atomic Structure
Protons
Much larger and heavier than electrons
Protons have a positive charge (+)
Located in the nucleus of the atom
Atomic Structure
Neutrons
Large and heavy like protons
Neutrons have no electrical charge
Located in the nucleus of the atom
Atomic Structure
Describing Atoms
Atomic Number = number of protons
In a neutral atom, the # of protons = the # of
electrons
Describing Atoms
Atomic Mass Number - equal to the number
of protons plus neutrons.
Describing Atoms
Atomic Weight - average mass of the
naturally occurring isotopes of an element .