Transcript History of chemistry

History of chemistry
Jana Nevrlá
Chemistry has been important
since ancient times

The processing of natural
ores to produce metals

The Egyptians used
some chemicals to
mummify the dead

For preparation of some
medicine or poisonous
compounds from flowers.
ancient – starý
ore - ruda
processing – zpracování
About 400 years b. c.
Aristoteles – distinguished Greek philosopher and
scientist. He affirmed that all matter is composed of four
fundamental substances: fire, water, earth and air.
Aristoteles
Demokritos and Leucippos – they supposed discrete
structure of substances.
They used term
atomos (which later became
atoms) to decribe ultimate particles.
distinguished – významný
particles – částice
ultimate – konečný (ohraničený)
affirm - tvrdit
Demokritos
Alchemy

Alchemists were obsessed with the idea of
transformation of cheap metals into gold.

In this several elements were prepared and the mineral
acids, hydroxides and salts learned to prepare .

Alchemists assisted to development
laborator operations and laboratory
equipment
Obsess – posedlý
Severa – některé
Assist – přispět
Bath - lázeň
Sixteenth century

Paracelsus
(1493 – 1541) –
Swiss alchemist, physician and
astrologer. His full name is
Philippus Theophrastus
Bombatus von Hohenheim. He
was studied attributes of
substances and preparation of
medicines.
Deal – zabývat se něčím
Attributes – vlastnosti
Physician - lékař
Seventeenth century
► Robert
►
Inventor – vynálezce
Behaviour – chování
Contribution - příspěvek
Boyle (1627 – 1691) –
Irish chemist, physicist, inventor
and scientist. He was dealing
behaviour of gases. Boyle´s major
contribution to chemistry consised
of his ideas about the chemical
elements.
The Greek system of four elements
finally died.
► George
Stahl (1660-1734) – he
suggested substance called phlogiston
Another distinguished chemists and
scientists:

Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) – he
recognized the importance of
accurate measurements.

John Dalton (1766-1844) – atomic
theory. He was the first to prepare a
table of relative atomic weights.
Recognize – poznat, připustit
Importance – důležitost, význam
Measurements - měření
18. and 19. century

Amadeo Avogadro (1776-1856) – Italian
chemist. He is an author of the theory of
molarity and molecular weights.

Dimitri Mendeleev (1834-1907) – creator
of the first version of the periodic table of
elements.

Ernest Rutheford (1871-1937) – he
described the theorical concepts of the atom
and the phenomenon of radioactivity.
Thank you for your
attention
Brno university of technology
2007