Transcript Biochemistry

Biology I
G. Anderson
Harlan Independent High School
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Describe how ions form
Compare ionic, covalent and hydrogen
bonding
Define and explain the unique properties of
water that are essential to living organisms
Explain why many compounds dissolve in
water
Compare acids and bases
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Chemistry is the foundation of Biology.
Subatomic
Particle
Location
Charge
Mass
Proton
Neutron
Electron
• The identify of the element is determined by
the number of __________ in the _________.
• Protons + Neutrons tells the ________ of the
element.
• ___________ are involved in bonding.
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How many protons does an atom of Iron (Fe)
have?
Which element always has 19 protons?
What is the atomic mass of Zinc (Zn)?
Which atom has an atomic mass of 51.996
AMU?
How many electrons would a neutral atom of
Calcium (Ca) have?
Which neutral element would have 29
electrons?
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Electrons can be ________ to or _______ from
an atom.
Equal numbers of electrons and protons
creates a _________ atom.
Unequal numbers of electrons and protons
create an __________.
An extra electron or electrons creates an ion
with a ___________ charge.
Removing an electron or electrons creates an
ion with a ___________ charge.
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Electrons are found in energy levels.
The outer-most energy level of electrons is
called the valence electrons.
The valence electrons determine how
electrons will interact.
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Ionic
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Covalent
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Hydrogen
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Why are we studying water?
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H20 molecules form hydrogen bonds with
each other
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Cohesion
◦ Hydrogen bonding between H20 molecules creates
________________
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Adhesion
◦ Hydrogen bonding between H20 and other
substances
 Meniscus
 Capillary Action
 Water climbs up a paper towel
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Water’s polarity makes it a good solvent
◦ Water has a positive side and a negative side, so it
can interact with ions
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________ dissolve ________ creating _________.
Solutions
Solvents
Solutes
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Hydrophilic
◦ Hydro = ________________
◦ Philic = _______________
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Polar or Non-Polar?
Examples:
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Hydrophobic
◦ Hydro = ________________
◦ Phobic = _______________
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Polar or Non-Polar?
Examples:
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Most substance are more dense in the
_________ form than the _________ form
Hydrogen bonds form a __________ structure
Surface ice __________ water allowing aquatic
life to survive in winter
What if ice sank?
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H20 resists changes in _______________
◦ It takes a lot of energy to heat it us
◦ A lot of energy must be lost to cool it down
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How does this impact life on Earth?
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H20 can split into H+ and OHH20  H+ + OH◦ If [H+] = [OH-], water is __________
◦ If [H+] > [OH-], water is __________
◦ If [H+] < [OH-], water is __________
pH scale is
logarithmic
Each 1 unit change in
pH value is
equivalent to a
tenfold change in
[H+]