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dilettante.wordpress.com/2007/08/ https:/.../Fall.2008.MMA.Perry.Timeline ERNEST RUTHERFORD AND THE ATOMIC MODEL By: Samantha Newnham and Allie Didion EARLY LIFE He was born in 1871 in the South Islands of New Zealand. His parents immigrated from the U.K. He was the 4th kid of 12 brothers and sisters. He graduated from Secondary school with honors is every subject and class. www.kiwiwise.co.nz/info/new-zealand-flag www.genderracepower.com/?cat=37 2 www.bandlink.org/pr/honors.htm www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/people/modern... COLLEGE He got a scholarship to Canterbury College in Christchurch. He got his BA in 1892 in math and physical science. He got his MA the following year. http://christchurchcityliberaries.com http://telegraph.co.uk 3 THE LAB For 2 years he studied magnesium and radio waves. He wrote two papers that were published in the Transaction of New Zealand Institute. He went to work with J.J. Thomson at Cavendish Laboratory Cambridge. 4 http://www.zephyrus.co.uk/magnesium.gif http://wired.com ALPHA AND BETA PARTICLES While working with J.J Thomson, J.J. invited Rutherford to work with him on the introduction to ionizing gases in Röntgen’s rays. After Rutherford was finished, he took the idea of ionizing and reversed it to use as a tool to help him study radioactivity. Using the reversed ionizing process, he discovered the heterogeneous “Becquerel rays” and renamed them Alpha and Beta rays. Gamma rays had already been discovered once Rutherford discovered the alpha and beta particles. www.irradiation.co.uk/types.php www.deq.idaho.gov/.../radiation/penetration.cfm 5 THE Gold-Foil EXPERIMENT Ernest Marsden was the one who set up the experiment. Used Geiger's counting device. Alpha shooter was placed on top of a lead plate. The counter was placed in front of the lead plate so that the alpha particles won’t be in direct contact. With nothing placed above the alpha shooter, the counter did not record any hits. However, once a thin sheet of gold foil was placed above the alpha shooter, the counter started to record some hits. Gold-Foil Experiment Activity www.nisd.net/.../Atomic%20Theory/AtomicWeb.htm www.nitrogenorder.org/lessons/nuclear.shtml 6 THE DISCOVERY After about two to three days of shooting alpha particles at gold foil, the counter had recorded some particles that had been reflected back. Rutherford had to then write a paper explaining the results of the experiment. That paper was published in May of 1911. It explained the experiment and the results. During the Gold-Foil Experiment they had made four major discoveries : 1. Most all of the alpha particles went through. 2. They were only deflected at about a two degree angle. 3. Very, very rarely the alpha particles were deflected at about a 90 or greater degree. 4. They had discovered the atomic nucleus! lifesciencereality.wordpress.com/.../10/models/ www.nuceng.ca/igna/atomic_nucleus.htm 7 THE ATOMIC MODEL Rutherford’s atomic changed the way everyone thought the way the atom looked. Before, the model was a solid positive charge with little negatives embedded in the positive nucleus. Now, thanks to Rutherford, the atomic model has changed a lot. 8 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rutherford_gold_foil_experiment_results.svg ncereality.wordpress.com/.../10/models/ THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS Rutherford’s discovery of the atomic nucleus changed the way scientists saw the atom. Dalton’s model was solid and once Rutherford had done the Gold-Foil Experiment, he discovered that the atom was not solid at all, but mainly open space. The nucleus makes up most of the mass of the atom. www.lbl.gov/abc/wallchart/chapters/01/1.html 9 NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1908 In 1908, Ernest Rutherford won the 1908 Chemistry Nobel Prize for his discovery of the Atomic Nucleus and radioactive substances. He is the winner ever to do his best work after being awarded the Nobel Prize. Rutherford Lecture http://www.rutherford.org.nz/awards.html 10 Why we remember him We remember him because of what him contributed to the world of science. He discovered the atomic nucleus. He changed the atomic model from being solid to being mostly empty space. The scientists after him have not changed him model but improved it. www.answers.com/topic/ernest-rutherford-1st-b... anlagan.blogspot.com/ 11 BIBLIOGRAPHY Rutherford’s Experiment- Part 1: 1906 to Early 1911. John L. Park. 1999. 20 January, 2009. http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us The Internet Encyclopedia of Science. 20 January, 2009. http://daviddarling.info Ernest Rutherford’s Life. 29 January, 2009. http://www.physic.mcgill.ca/museum/ernest_rutherford_life.html Rutherford’s Awards. John Cambell. 2001. Rutherford Scientist Supreme. 29 January, 2009. http://www.rutherford.org.nz/awards.html www.mhhe.com/physsic/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/rutherford14.swf http://wired.com http://www.zephyrus.co.uk/magnesium.gif http://christchurchcityliberaries.com http://telegraph.co.uk http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prize/chemistry/laureates/1908/rutherford-docu.html www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/RutherfordPhoto.shtml commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plum_pudding_... http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rutherford_gold_foil_experiment_results.svg lifesciencereality.wordpress.com/.../10/models/ www.nuceng.ca/igna/atomic_nucleus.htm www.nisd.net/.../Atomic%20Theory/AtomicWeb.htm www.nitrogenorder.org/lessons/nuclear.shtml www.irradiation.co.uk/types.php www.deq.idaho.gov/.../radiation/penetration.cfm http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1908/rutherford-docu.html www.lbl.gov/abc/wallchart/chapters/01/1.html anlagan.blogspot.com/ www.answers.com/topic/ernest-rutherford-1st-b... 12 CREDITS Directors and Presenters: Allie Didion Samantha Newnham Creators: Samantha Newnham Actors: Ernest Rutherford Special Effects: Samantha Newnham commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plum_pudding_... www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/RutherfordPhoto.shtml 13