Transcript TYPES AND FORMS OF ENERGY - Londonderry School District

 ENERGY
ENERGY
THE ABILITY TO DO WORK
AND OR TRANSFER
HEAT.
WORK
THE ENERGY
TRANSFERRED BY A FORCE
TO A MOVING OBJECT.
WORK=FORCE X DISTANCE
WORK
 WORK IS
DONE ON AN OBJECT
WHEN AN OBJECT
IS FORCED TO MOVE
Dodge.com
TYPES AND FORMS
OF ENERGY
TYPES OF ENERGY
 POTENTIAL
 KINETIC
POTENTIAL ENERGY
 ENERGY AT REST
 NOT DOING WORK OR
TRANSFERRING HEAT
POTENTIAL ENERGY
POTENTIAL ENERGY
POTENTIAL ENERGY
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KINETIC ENERGY
 ENERGY OF MOTION
 ENERGY IN USE
KINETIC ENERGY
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SWING PHYSICS
HOW DOES ENERGY CHANGE AS
YOU SWING?
POTENTIAL VS. KINETIC ENERGY
SWING PHYSICS
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
a3F7oaRJOw
A
SWING
B
B
www.spacestationinfo.com/students-64-Energy.html
KINETIC ENERGY
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KINETIC ENERGY
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FORMS OF ENERGY
 CHEMICAL
 ELECTRICAL
 MECHANICAL
 HEAT
 RADIANT (LIGHT)
 NUCLEAR
CHEMICAL
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ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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MECHANICAL ENERGY
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HEAT ENERGY
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LIGHT ENERGY
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LIGHT ENERGY
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NUCLEAR ENERGY
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http://fusedweb.llnl.gov
/
FIRST LAW OF
THERMODYNAMICS
 ENERGY CAN NOT BE CREATED OR
DESTROYED.
 IT CAN ONLY CHANGE FROM ONE
FORM TO ANOTHER.
SECOND LAW OF
THERMODYNAMICS
 ANY TIME ENERGY CHANGES FROM
ONE FORM TO ANOTHER SOME OF
THE ENERGY IS LOST AS HEAT.
 ENERGY CONVERSIONS ARE NOT
100% EFFICIENT.
PROFESSOR WALTER
LEWIN’S PENDULUM
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhIOy
lZMg6Q
BOWLING BALL PENDULUM
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2GdY
1OlDpA
NEWTON’S CRADLE
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Lnbyj
OyEQ8
GIANT NEWTON’S CRADLE
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v
=mFNe_pFZrsA&feature=endscreen
MYTH BUSTERS NEWTON’S
CRADLE
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v
=BiLq5Gnpo8Q&feature=endscreen
MYTH BUSTERS
CONTINUED
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
OuA-znVMY3I
ENTROPY
 THE THERMODYNAMIC MEASURE OF
DISORDER
 A SYSTEM TENDS TO BECOME
DISORDERLY
 TO MAINTAIN ORDER ENERGY MUST
BE USED
ENTROPY
 TO KEEP YOUR ROOM CLEAN YOU
MUST USE ENERGY TO PICK UP AND
ORGANIZE
 TO MAINTAIN A CAR THE OIL MUST
BE CHANGED, TUNE UPS, SPARK
PLUGS REPLACED, FLUIDS TOPPED
OFF OR REPLACED, ETC.
www.dodge.com
www.classiccarprojects.com
FOOD CHAIN
 90% OF THE ENERGY IS LOST AS
HEAT AT EACH STEP OF A FOOD
CHAIN
STATIC ELECTRICITY
 THE BUILD UP OF ELECTRONS ON
THE SURFACE OF AN OBJECT.
AN ATOM
ATOMIC PARTS
ELECTRON= NEGATIVE
PROTON= POSITIVE
NEUTRON= NO CHARGE
.
eia.doe.gov
PERIODIC TABLE
5
B
10.81
ATOMIC NUMBER
ATOMIC SYMBOL
ATOMIC MASS
ATOMIC TERMS
 ATOMIC NUMBER: Number of protons
 ATOMIC MASS: Number of protons +
neutrons
 ION: Atom with a charge
 ISOTOPE: Atom with a different number
of neutrons
STATIC ENERGY
 Rubbing a balloon on a wool sweater
creates charges on the surfaces
GAINING OF ELECTRONS
- - - -
O
OPPOSITES ATTRACT

-
O
+
O
STATIC ELECTRICITY
VAN DE GRAAFF
GENERATOR
mos.org
Van De Graaf Generator
BILL NYE STATIC
ELECTRICITY
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-
77IzaXGcg
VAN DE GRAPH
GENERATOR
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0J5q
43MSw8
STATIC DOG
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aO-
phqmyqdY
STATIC
ELECTRICITY
BOSTON MUSEUM
OF SCIENCE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
LLPKxk7ym7g
LIGHTNING
STATIC ELECTRICITY
Alaska.net
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
 THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS
THROUGH A CONDUCTOR.
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
BATTERIES
 STORED ELECTRICITY
All-Battery.com
BAGDAD BATTERY BCE 250
smith.edu
ELECTRON SHELLS
 First: 2 electrons
 Second: 8 electrons
 Third: 18 electrons
 Fourth: 32 electrons
 Fifth: 50 electrons
***HAVING A COMPLETE OUTER
ELECTRON SHELL MAKES
THE ATOM MORE STABLE.
ELECTRON SHELLS
web.jjay.cuny.edu
ZINC ATOM
chemicalelements.com
NEEDS TO GAIN 30
OR LOSE
2
COPPER ATOM
chemicalelements.com
CARBON ATOM
chemicalelements.com
BATTERY FUNCTION
 A BATTERY HAS A
CATHODE WHICH
TENDS TO ACCEPT ELECTRONS TO
BE MORE STABLE AND AN ANODE
WHICH TENDS TO GIVE UP
ELECTRONS TO BE MORE STABLE
AND ELECTROLYTE PASTE WHICH
TRANSFERS MOST OF THE
ELECTRONS BACK TO THE ANODE
WHEN A CIRCUIT IS COMPLETE
CIRCUIT
 A CONDUCTOR WHICH CONNECTS A
PATHWAY BETWEEN THE CATHODE
(+) AND ANODE (-)
CATHODE
wikipedia.org
ANODE
WET CELL BATTERY
/lemcellguard.com/battery
DRY CELL BATTERY
wikipedia.org
MERCURY BATTERY
wikipedia.org
wikipedia.org
POTATO BATTERY
www.miniscience.com
SIMPLE POTATO BATTERY
pbskids.org/zoom/activities
500 POUND POTATO
BATTERY
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF
WIRING
SERIES
cosmology.berkeley.edu
PARALLEL
PARALLEL AND SERIES
PARALLEL:
SAME POWER
LONGER TIME
SERIES:
MORE POWER
SAME TIME
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
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SO WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?
aecl.ca/kidszone
ELECTRICITY
 THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS
THROUGH A CIRCUIT
 CAN BE USED TO DO WORK
 CAN BE TRANSFORMED INTO
MECHANICAL, RADIANT, SOUND
AND HEAT ENERGY
GALVANOMETER
A device that detects the flow of
electricity
ELECTROMAGNET
 AN ELECTRIC CURRENT FLOWING
THROUGH A WIRE FORMED A
MAGNETIC FORCE
 AN ELECTROMAGNET CAN BE SHUT
OFF
 TO BUILD A STRONGER
ELECTROMAGNET USE:


MORE WIRE IN THE COIL
A MORE POWERFUL SOURCE OF
ELECTRONS
MAGNETISM
 A FORCE BY WHICH MATERIALS
ATTRACT OR REPEL OTHER
MATERIAL
 FORMED BY AN ELECTRIC CURRENT
(ELECTROMAGNETISM) OR THE SPIN
OF ELECTRONS (PERMANENT
MAGNETS)
MAGNETIC FIELD
Wikipedia.com
MAGNETIC FIELD
eia.doe.gov
THE MAGNETIC FIELD OF A BAR MAGNET
MAGNETOSPHERE
www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov
LIKE MAGNETIC CHARGES
REPEL/ OPPOSITES ATTRACT
eia.doe.gov
GENERATOR
 A GENERATOR IS A DEVICE THAT
TURNS MECHANICAL ENERGY INTO
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
 THE PARTS ARE


A COIL OF WIRE
A MAGNET
GENERATOR
eia.doe.gov
GENERATOR
 A MECHANICAL FORCE MOVES THE
WIRE COIL OR THE MAGNET
CAUSING THE ELECTRONS OF THE
WIRE TO MOVE
GENERATOR
 TO MAKE A GENERATOR WORK A
MECHANICAL FORCE IS USED
 TO MAKE A STRONGER GENERATOR
USE:



A MORE POWERFUL MAGNET
MORE WIRE IN THE COIL
A MORE POWERFUL MECHANICAL
SOURCE
TURBINE
 A DEVICE USED TO SPIN A PART
(MAGNET OR COIL) OF THE
GENERATOR
 THE TURBINE CAN BE MOVED BY:



FLOWING WATER
WIND
STEAM
FLOWING WATER
 ADVANTAGES:


LITTLE POLLUTION
‘FREE’ SOURCE
DISADVANTAGES
 COSTLY TO BUILD
 MUST BE ON A RIVER
 AFFECTS FISH MIGRATION