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What did J.J. Thomson discover about the atom? What atomic model did he propose based on his evidence? Answer: it is possible to remove neg. charged particles Plum Pudding model What did Niels Bohr discover about the atom? What atomic model did he propose based on his evidence? Answer: It’s easy to pluck electrons from an atom the further away they are. Solar system model What did Ernest Rutherford discover about the atom? What atomic model did he propose based on his evidence? Answer: Tiny particles shot at atom bounced back, most went through. Nuclear model For electrons, protons and neutrons – write down the charge on each particle, the mass of each particle, and where they are found in the atom. Electron = neg. charge found outside nucleus, almost zero mass Protons = pos. charge, in nucleus, 1 amu Neutron = no charge, in nucleus, 1 amu Why is the total charge on every atom always zero? Answer: Protons and electrons cancel each other out An atom of zinc, Zn, has 40 neutrons. What is the mass of the atom? Answer: 30 p + 40 n = 70 An atom of xenon, Xe, has 80 neutrons. What is the mass of the atom? Answer: 80 neutrons + 54 protons = 134 An atom of zirconium, Zr, has 50 neutrons. What is the mass of the atom? Answer: 50 neutrons + 40 protons = 90 An atom of zinc, Zn, has a mass of 65 amu. How many neutrons does the atom have? Answer: 65 – 30 protons = 35 neutrons An atom of xenon, Xe, has a mass of 131 amu. How many neutrons does the atom have? Answer: 131 – 54 protons = 77 neutrons An atom of zirconium, Zr, has a mass of 91 amu. How many neutrons does it have? Answer: 91 – 40 protons = 51 neutrons Isotopes have the same number of __________ but a different number of ___________. Answer: Protons, neutrons (which means they have a different mass) An atom of phosphorus, P, has 16 neutrons. What is the mass of the atom? Answer: 16 neutrons + 15 protons = 31 mass An atom of platinum, Pt, has a mass of 195 amu. How many neutrons does the atom have? Answer: 195 – 78 protons = 117 neutrons An atom of tungsten, W, has 112 neutrons. What is the mass of the atom? Answer: 112 neutrons + 74 protons = 186 An atom of barium, Ba, has a mass of 133 amu. How many neutrons does the atom have? Answer: 133 – 56 protons = 77 neutrons Write out the isotope symbol for two possible isotopes of palladium, Pd. Which is most abundant? 106 46 Pd 107 46 Pd Pd – 106 is most abundant (closest to 106.4) Write out the isotope symbol for two possible isotopes of niobium, Nb. Which is most abundant? 92 41 Nb 93 41 Nb Nb – 93 is most abundant (closest to 92.91) Write out the isotope symbol for two possible isotopes of hafnium, Hf. Which is most abundant? 178 72 Hf 179 72 Hf Hf – 178 is most abundant (closest to 178.49) An atom of niobium, Nb, has 53 neutrons. What is the mass and the number of protons of this atom? Write out the isotope symbol. 94 41 Nb An atom of molybdenum, Mo, has a mass of 98 amu. How many protons and neutrons does this atom have? Write out the isotope symbol. 140 42 Mo An atom of vanadium, V, has 27 neutrons. What is the mass and the number of protons of this atom? Write out the isotope symbol. 50 23 V An atom of chromium, Cr, has a mass of 54 amu. How many protons and neutrons does this atom have? Write out the isotope symbol. 54 24 Cr 30 neutrons An atom of ruthenium, Ru, has 59 neutrons. What is the mass and the number of protons of this atom? Write out the isotope symbol. 103 44 Ru An atom of gernamium, Ge has a mass of 76 amu. How many protons and neutrons does this atom have? Write out the isotope symbol. 76 32 Ge 44 neutrons Write out the reaction for fluorine19 undergoing alpha decay Write out the reaction for carbon-14 undergoing beta decay Write out the reaction for the fusion of helium-4 with oxygen-16