Transcript EPA Initiatives and Programs to Address Climate Change

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EPA Initiatives and Programs to Address
Climate Change
JOHN FILIPPELLI
U.S. EPA Region 2
New York Energy Forum
September 17, 2009
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Overview
 Climate Change Background
 Regulatory Overview
 EPA Partnership Programs and
Resources
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Atmospheric concentrations of CO2 far exceed
the natural range over the last 650,000 years.
Source: IPCC
WGI AR4, 2007.
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GHG Warming Potential
Gas
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Atmospheric
Lifetime
(years)
GWPa
50 - 200
1
12 ± 3
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120
310
HFCs
1.5 - 264
140 - 11,700
PCFs
3,200 – 20,000
7,000 – 23,000
3200
23,900
Methane (CH4)b
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
SF6
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Expected Impacts
Climate Changes
Temperature
Sea Level Rise
Health Impacts
Ecosystems
Precipitation
• Weather-related deaths
• Infectious diseases
• Air quality - respiratory
illnesses
• Loss of habitat and
diversity
• Species range shifts
• Ecosystem services
Forest Impacts
Water Resources
• Geographic range
• Health, composition, and
productivity
• Changes in precipitation,
water quality, and
water supply
Agriculture
• Crop yields
• Irrigation demand
• Pest management
Coastal Areas
• Erosion and inundation
of coastal lands
• Costs of protecting
vulnerable lands
The Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) conclusions:
 GHG are increasing in the atmosphere
and the climate is warming.
 Most of the warming is very likely due to
emissions from human activities.
 We can do something about it, including
much with current technologies.
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GHG Emission Sources
Other ways to look at it …
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Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the U.S.
U.S. GHG Emissions as Shown by End-Use Sectors
Agriculture, 9%
Industry, 28%
Residential, 17%
Local governments have
control over decisions that
affect land use,
transportation, and buildings.
Commercial, 17%
T ransportation, 28%
Source: Inventory of U.S. GHG Emissions and Sinks, 2007
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Domestic Policy and EPA Roles
 Executive branch is now playing a larger role on
climate policy
 Close coordination with Congress ongoing
 Linkage of climate and energy issues, along with
consideration of economic needs
 EPA work:
 GHG inventory, research, preparing for impacts,
outreach, international negotiations, possible
regulations…..
 Region 2: multimedia partnership programs,
outreach, future regulatory support
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U.S. Climate Policy and Actions
 Current and Near-Term Greenhouse Gas
Reduction Initiatives
 Climate Change Technology Program
 Climate Change Science Program
 International Cooperation
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Looking Forward
 A wide range of policies will be
needed to address climate change
 Across all sectors of the economy
 Likely encompassing regulatory,
financial and voluntary policy
mechanisms
 Industry and local action is critical.
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EPA Regulatory Initiatives
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Waste Energy Recovery Registry
California Greenhouse Gas Waiver Request
National Fuel Economy Policy
Proposed Endangerment Finding
Proposed Mandatory Greenhouse Gas
Reporting Rule
 Renewable Fuel Standard
 Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide
 Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
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Waste Energy (WE) Recovery Registry
 July 23, 2009 - Proposed rule published in
Federal Register(www.regulations.gov) calling
for a voluntary survey of major industrial and
large commercial sources of feasible WE
recovery.
 Provide state and national totals of WE
recovery opportunities and potential GHG
benefits.
 Serve as a basis for potential WE recovery
projects as described in Energy Policy and
Conservation Act
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California GHG Waiver Request
 On June 30, 2009 EPA granted a waiver of the
Clean Air Act preemption to CA for its GHG
standards.
 Requires automakers to increase the fuel
economy of cars and trucks sold in the state by
40 percent to an average of 35.5 miles per
gallon by 2016.
 New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Maine,
Maryland, Massachusetts, New Mexico,
Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
Washington and Arizona* to follow.
 4 years ahead of similar federal requirement.
Proposed LDV Standards/
National Fuel Economy Policy
 On September 15, 2009 EPA and USDOT’s
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NHTSA proposed light duty vehicle GHG and
new CAFE standards (60-day comment period)
Covers 2012 to 2016 and later model years
250 grams per mile CO2 (35.5 mpg equivalent)
Single light duty fleet would satisfy US and CA
EPA must finalize endangerment and cause or
contribute findings before the rules can go final
www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/regulations.htm
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Proposed GHG Reporting Rule
 Proposed rule published April 10, 2009
 Comment period ended June 9
 Would cover suppliers of fossil fuels or
industrial GHG
 Vehicle and engine manufacturers
 Facilities that emit 25,000 tpy or more of
GHG
 Covers CO2, CH4, N2O, HFC, PFC,
SF6,NF3, other fluorinated gases & HFE
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Renewable Fuel Standard
 Published May 26, 2009 – Comment period
closed July 27
 Peer review published August 17 – Comments
by September 25
 This rule proposes to establish the revised
annual renewable fuel standard (RFS2) and to
make the necessary program modifications as
set forth in EISA. V
 Volume standard under RFS2 was increased
beginning in 2008 from 5.4 billion gallons (Bgal)
to 9.0 Bgal. Thereafter, the required volume
continues to increase under RFS2, eventually
reaching 36 Bgal by 2022.
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GHG Sequestration
 Proposed federal requirements published
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July 25, 2008
Supplemental proposal published August
31, 2009
Includes DOE partnership project data
LBNL study results
Discussed comments and alternatives
Public hearing September 17 - Chicago
Comment period closes October 15
Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
to Address Global Warming
 Published July 11, 2008 – 120-day comment period
 Descriptions of key provisions and programs in the CAA, and
pros/cons of regulating GHGs under those provisions
 How a decision to regulate GHG emissions under one section
of the CAA could or would lead to regulation of GHG
emissions under other sections of the Act, including sections
on permitting requirements for major sources
 Issues relevant for Congress to consider for possible future
climate legislation and the potential for overlap between future
legislation and regulation under the existing CAA
 Scientific information relevant to endangerment analysis.
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Mayors Climate Protection Agreement
 Many local governments have signed this
agreement.
 EPA Partnership Programs and resources can
assist municipalities with meeting the commitments
in the Agreement, including:
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Putting together a GHG inventory
Purchasing green energy
Increasing energy efficiency
ENERGY STAR purchasing
Green Building
Greening your fleet, idling management
Recycling and materials management
Energy efficiency in water and wastewater systems
Water conservation
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Climate Change is More than Air
We must also address water use
and waste/land aspects.
 A lot of energy is used to pump, treat and
heat water.
 Saving water saves energy and reduces
greenhouse gas emissions
 Recycling and reducing waste also
decreases greenhouse gas emissions.
 Using recycled or re-used materials reduces
the amount of energy needed to extract raw
materials and manufacture goods
 Decreasing waste reduces methane
emissions from landfills
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How Can EPA Programs Help You?
 Address specific ways to address
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climate change and reduce
greenhouse gas emissions in your
community
Provide technical assistance
Provide outreach materials and other
free tools
Help identify funding opportunities
Offer public recognition
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EPA Programs Supporting GHG Reductions
www.epa.gov/partners
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A good place to start……
 Informational network facilitating access to
tools, technical assistance and funding.
 Best Practices
 Searchable database of resources
 Listserve
 Free Webcast Trainings
 Peer to Peer Exchange
www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/stateandlocal
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ENERGY STAR
Reducing Energy Use In Your Community
 Energy Star promotes energy efficiency in homes,
businesses, and products
 Buy Energy Star products
 Take the Energy Star Challenge—Communities:
 Set at least 10% energy use reduction goal
 Benchmark their buildings
 Take action to improve
 ENERGY STAR provides many free resources online:
 Portfolio Manager, benchmarking tools, training calculators,
manuals, etc.
www.energystar.gov/challenge
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Green Power Partnership
Buying Renewable Energy
 Voluntary program in which partners use green
power to meet a portion of their electricity needs
 Electricity, Renewable Energy Credits (RECs), on-site
generation
 More than 900 partners purchase more than 14.3
billion KWh of green power annually
 The Green Power Partnership helps through:
 Green Power Locator
 Step-by-Step Guide to Purchasing Green Power
 Media/outreach tools
www.epa.gov/greenpower
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Combined Heat and Power Partnership
Increasing Building Energy Efficiency
 Promotes cogeneration of electricity and thermal
energy from the same fuel
 Separate heat and electricity production is highly
inefficient
 Average efficiency of fossil fuel power plants is 33%
 Average efficiency CHP systems is 60-80%
 The CHP Partnership can help you determine
whether your facilities are good candidates for CHP
 Good candidates include schools, WWTPs and district
heating systems
www.epa.gov/chp
EPA CHP 2009 Partners Meeting and NYSERDA
Conference on CHP
 October 1-2, 2009
New York Marriott Downtown
New York, NY
 CHP developments on the national stage, the state of the CHP
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market
Support and resources provided by the Partnership
Peer-to-peer discussions during NYSERDA's CHP roundtable
Partners' success stories across various market sectors
CHP financing strategies, including ARRA incentives
Federal and state-level climate policies and CHP objectives
 http://www.epa.gov/chp/events/partnermeet_2009.html
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Northeast Diesel
Collaborative
 Nationally EPA has taken critical steps to
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ensure new diesels are clean
11 million older vehicles/engines in
operation nationwide
Diesels last a long time
New York, New Jersey & New England
participate in voluntary collaborative
Municipal, transit, ports, construction,
trucks and locomotives
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SmartWay
Reducing transportation-related emissions
 SmartWay partners take action to reduce fuel use
and emissions.
 EPA provides tools, assistance, and quantifies
savings and emission reductions
 SmartWay Partners:
 1,177 partners across the U.S.
 Projected savings: over 3.3 billion gallons of oil per year
and $10 billion in operating costs
 SmartWay Affiliates:
 229 organizations promote the program across the U.S.
www.epa.gov/smartway
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WasteWise
Reducing Waste and GHGs
 WasteWise Partners set recycling and waste
prevention goals
 Helps communities go beyond basic recycling
programs
 Reporting partners receive a profile which
quantifies the climate benefits of their waste
reduction efforts
 EPA’s Waste Reduction Model (online) calculates
greenhouse gas emissions from waste management
actions
 Free Helpline/assistance
www.epa.gov/wastewise
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Landfill Methane Outreach Program
Capturing and Using Landfill Methane
 Helps communities capture and use the methane
generated in landfills
 Reduces greenhouse gas emissions and air
pollutants, reduces odor and improves safety
 Success Story: Riverview, Michigan
 Facing dangerous landfill gas leaks
 Started partnership with Detroit Edison to collect and sell
landfill methane
 New revenue stream for city and local property values have
increased
 Closed landfill is now a recreation area
www.epa.gov/lmop
eCycling
Recycling Electronics
 Plug-in to eCycling – Collect and reuse/recycle escrap including computers and cell phones
 Recycling reduces greenhouse gas emissions, reduce
pollution, and saves energy
 Recycling a million cell phones reduces greenhouse gas
emissions equal to taking 1,368 cars off the road for a year
 EPEAT – Electronics Product Assessment Tool
 Greener purchasing of business computers
 Easy to use
 In 2007, EPEAT purchasing reduced 3.31 million metric
tons of carbon equivalent (MTCE) greenhouse gas
emissions
www.epa.gov/plugin
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WaterSense
Promoting Use of Water-Efficient Products
 WaterSense labeled products use about 20 percent
less water and perform as well as or better than
their less efficient counterparts
 Water utilities may adopt the program as part of a
broader water efficiency strategy to help reduce
water infrastructure needs and promote the label to
customers
 Local governments may become WaterSense
Partners and promote WaterSense products
www.epa.gov/watersense
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Green Buildings
Constructing or Retrofitting Buildings to Improve
Energy/Water Efficiency and Use of Recycled Materials
 The impacts of building are significant:
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Nearly 40% of energy use and carbon dioxide emissions
About 68% of total electricity consumption
Nearly 60% of total non-industrial solid waste
Over 12% of total water consumed
 EPA is advancing green building practices by:
 Addressing market factors
 Implementing demonstration projects on green building
performance and benefits
 Working with communities to update codes and
ordinances
 Region 2 Green Construction and Operations
www.epa.gov/greenbuilding
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Green Infrastructure
Managing Wet Weather and Reusing Stormwater
 Using technologies to infiltrate, capture and reuse
stormwater such as:
 Building green roofs
 Promoting rain barrels
 Planting trees and other vegetation
 Communities can support this effort by:
 Planning and implementing demonstration projects on
public sites
 Involving all city departments
 Updating codes and ordinances to create incentives
www.epa.gov/greeninfrastructure
Sustainable Infrastructure
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Improving Efficiency for Water and Wastewater Treatment
 Energy represents 25 to 30% of a water or
wastewater plant’s total O&M cost
 Program’s goals include:
 Reducing the need to treat water
 Promoting the ability to save/capture energy
 Variety of programs available:
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WaterSense
Green Infrastructure
ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager
Combined Heat and Power
 Energy management guidebook for wastewater and
water utilities available on line.
www.epa.gov/waterinfrastructure/bettermanagement_energy.html
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Green Venues
Reducing GHGs at Meetings
 Large gatherings create significant amounts of
waste, energy, and water use
 Green Venues works to minimize the environmental
impacts of events and meetings
 Benefits of the program
 Reduces GHG emissions
 Saves money
 Provides marketing and publicity advantages
 Promotes sustainability in the community
www.epa.gov/oppt/greenmeetings
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Urban Heat Island
Cooling Communities
 EPA’s UHI Program promotes methods to cool
communities and:
 Save energy
 Reduce greenhouse gas emissions
 Improve air quality
 Strategies for heat island mitigation include:
 Trees and Vegetation
 Green Roofs
 Cool Roofs
 Cool Pavements
www.epa.gov/heatislands
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Climate Leaders
Encourage businesses in your community to reduce GHGs
 Industry-government partnership helps companies
develop credible, comprehensive strategies to
reduce their greenhouse gas emissions
 Partner companies receive technical assistance
from EPA to:
 Develop a corporate-wide GHG inventory
 Set an aggressive reduction goal
 Report progress to EPA annually
www.epa.gov/climateleaders
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In Summary…
 Climate change is a documented
phenomena – human activity is a major
contributor
 Energy generation and use is the biggest
piece of the puzzle
 EPA is pursuing a regulatory action
 EPA encourages voluntary initiatives and
offers support
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Thank you!
 John Filippelli
EPA Region 2 (NY, NJ, PR, VI)
[email protected]
 EPA’s Climate Change Web site:
www.epa.gov/climatechange