Transcript HMS Possyet

International Conference
“50 Years of Education and Awareness Raising
for Shaping the Future of the Oceans and Coasts”
Sharing lessons learned and proposing long-term
projections
27—30 april, 2010 in Saint Petersburg, Russia
CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH
WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF
GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES
Larissa A. Gayko
V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute FEB
RAS, Baltiyskaya St., 43, Vladivostok, 690041,
Russia, E-mail: [email protected]

Climate change research is presently actually.
Numerous mentions of weather and climate contained
even in records of ancient civilizations. Trans boundary
character of the meteorological phenomena became
already obvious in 17 century. The mankind has started
to collect regularly the data to reveal any tendencies for
forecasting of the future conditions of weather

Feature of a current climate is activization of regional
and local factors which form a climate. Research of
interaction of atmosphere and ocean is very important
now. These spheres render a great influence on
economy and coast ecology.

For a long time interval (more half a century) is
necessary to investigate features of climate changes for
leveling of possible consequences of climate changes on
various areas of economic activities. Results of the
analysis of numbers of supervision reveal most weak
spots of a coastal zone. Experts can develop the
scheme of an estimation of a possible material damage
and offer recommendations about its prevention.


The average annual temperature of the bottom layer of
atmosphere and ocean blanket is used usually for the
description of modern climate changes.
The observed changes in the climate system over the
past few decades of the 20th Century (e.g., sea level
lifting, thawing of glaciers, increase air, ocean and earth
crust temperatures), particularly the warmer regional
temperatures, have already affected hydrological
systems and terrestrial and marine ecosystems in many
parts of the world.


But the warming reasons remain a subject of sharp
scientific discussions.
The Fourth IPCC Assessment Report presented solid
evidence of observed global warming trends. Sea level
rise, melting of glaciers, increased air, land and ocean
temperatures. In the same place it has especially been
noticed that the improved scientific researches,
monitoring and the climate forecast are key elements
for life and property protection.

It is known that properties of hydrosphere, the processes
occurring in water objects of hydrosphere, interaction
with surrounding spheres, are studied by a science a
hydrology. The hydrology divided on a hydrology of a
land and a sea hydrology – oceanology. Oceanology
studies physical processes in the World ocean and its
interaction with atmosphere. Properties of atmosphere
and physical processes proceeding in it study science
meteorology. Geographical section of meteorology is the
science climatology which studies various types of
climates and their distribution on Globe.

Hydrology and meteorology bases are studied in
disciplines «the Doctrine about hydrosphere» and «the
Doctrine about atmosphere» which is a part of a federal
component of a cycle of the general and professional
disciplines by preparation of ecologists, and include
studying of the basic laws of processes in atmosphere
and hydrosphere of the Earth.

The ecologist should know about a climate, about the
basic methods of studying of water objects, about
practical importance of geographical studying of water
objects and studying of hydrological processes for the
decision of problems of wildlife management, on
prospects of climate change as a result of anthropogenic
impacts.
Researches of the water area in the Peter-the-Great Bay now
are carried out by four coastal HMS of Possyet, Gamov,
Vladivostok and Nakhodka which have long series of
supervision
Table 1. The periods of instrumental observations of
hydrometeorological parameters at the coastal HMS of the
Peter-the-Great Bay
HMS
Possyet
Gamov
Vladivostok
Nakhodka
Periods of observations
Air temperature, C
Water temperature, C
1931-2008
78 years
1933-2008
76 years
1923-2007
85 years
1937-1995
59 years
1881-2008
128 years
1901-2008
108 years
1932-2008
77 years
1934-2008
75 years
Figure 1. Layout of hydrometeorological stations (HMS)
on the aquatorium of Peter the Great Bay:
1 - Possyet, 2 - Gamov, 3 - Vladivostok, 4 - Nakhodka

Fig. 2a. Year-to-year fluctuation of water temperature in
Peter the Great Bay
―― HMS Vladivostok, - - - HMS Possyet,
---- HMS Gamov,    HMS Nakhodka
Fig. 2b. Year-to-year fluctuation of air temperature in
Peter the Great Bay
―― HMS Vladivostok, - - - HMS Possyet,
---- HMS Gamov,    HMS Nakhodka
Table 1. Temperature growth for 75 years on
hydrometeorological stations
of the Peter-the-Great Bay (1934-2008)
HMS
Period
Possyet
Season
Gamov
Year
Season
Vladivostok
Year
Season
Nakhodka
Year
Year *
Season
Year
Water
Air
temperature,ºC temperature, ºC
0,59
0,80
0,52
2,00
0,52
1,33
0,52
0,44
0,15
0,41
0,37
0,81
0,67
1,48
1,26
2,74
0,59
1,26
0,79
1,68
-1,11
1,33
1,04
2,81
-0,22
2,07
Table 2. Coefficients of pair correlation between water
and air temperatures
for coastal stations of Primorsky Kray
Stations
Possyet
Gamov
Vladivostok
Nakhodka
r
0.77
0.71
0.78
0.22

Figure 3. Variability of mean square deviation within
the year: a - water temperature, b - air temperature at
stations of Peter the Great Bay
P - Possyet, G - Gamov, V - Vladivostok, N - Nakhodka
Figure 4. Interannual variability of water (a) and air (b)
temperature at stations of Peter the Great Bay: P Possyet, G - Gamov, V -Vladivostok, N - Nakhodka
Представляемая работа основана на исследованиях межгодовой
изменчивости температурного режима прибрежных районов зал.
Петра Великого по данным инструментальных наблюдений на
прибрежных гидрометеорологических станциях, изложенных в
работах:
Гайко Л.А. Особенности гидрометеорологического режима
прибрежной зоны залива Петра Великого (Японское море).
Владивосток : Дальнаука, 2005. 151 с.
Гайко Л.А.
Марикультура:
прогноз урожайности
с учетом воздействия
абиотических
факторов.
Владивосток :
Дальнаука, 2006. 204
с.
CONCLUSIONS

We recommend special attention to give at studying of
the presented disciplines to consideration of features of
variability of a climate in concrete region. It will allow the
future experts to predict inadvertent and deliberate
influences of the person on a climate and their
consequences; to expect and count changes of an active
surface; to state an estimation of global effects of
anthropogenic impacts on a climate in the region.
International Conference
“50 Years of Education and Awareness Raising
for Shaping the Future of the Oceans and Coasts”
Sharing lessons learned and proposing long-term projections
27—30 april, 2010 in Saint Petersburg, Russia
Thank you
for your attention!