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Climate Change and Sustainable
Industrial Development
- An ASSOCHAM Perspective
By
Dinesh T. Parekh
ASSOCHAM
As a representative organ of corporate India,
ASSOCHAM
articulates the genuine,
legitimate needs and interests of members.
The mission is to impact the policy and
legislative environment so as to foster
balanced economic, industrial and social
development.
ASSOCHAM
believes
education, health and environment to be the
critical success factors.

To ensure the voice and concerns of
ASSOCHAM are heeded by policy makers
and legislators.

To be proactive on policy initiatives that are
in consonance with our mission

To engage in the network of relationships at
national and international levels/fora

To develop a learning organisation sensitive
to the development needs and concerns of
its members

To broadbase membership
Established in 1920, the Associated Chambers of
Commerce and Industry of India is the oldest apex
chamber of commerce and industry in India.
ASSOCHAM is promoted by the following six promoter
chambers, representing all regions of India:
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•
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Bengal Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Kolkata
Bombay Chamber of Commerce and Industry,
Mumbai
Cochin chamber of Commerce and Industry, Cochin
Indian Merchants’ Chamber, Mumbai
Madras Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Chennai
•
PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry, New Delhi
Seminars / workshop / training programmes on

ISO 14000

Advanced EMS Auditing Course

Internal Auditing of EMS

Environment Legislation

Deployment of Environmental Policy

Pollution Prevention and Waste Minimization

Hazardous Waste Management

Environment Impact Assessment

Environmental Risk Assessment

Environmental Benchmarking

Green Supply Chain Management

Process Safety Management

Environment Performance Evaluation
Changing
Facets of
Environment
The way we plunder the
natural world reveals
more than environmental
blindness. The scars we
leave on the land betray
a wider addiction to
conquest
and
domination; a constant,
casual
recourse
to
hypocrisy and denial.
We benefit from the
machinery of plunder,
but
are
ultimately
trapped by it. No wonder
that in the end even our
own
captive,
domesticated landscape
A disaster waiting to happen in Himalayas
- The earth’s ice cover is melting in
several places, including the Himalayas,
at higher rates since record-keeping began
and the glacier-fed rivers of north India
would first swell and then shrink to
dangerously low levels….
Times of India, 8th March 2000
Rapid industrial growth during the last century
with scant attention to its adverse effect on
environment has caused serious anxiety. This
has led to a new paradigm of sustainable
development where economic development has
to be accompanied by a careful concern for
impact on environment with a view to preserve
the planet for the posterity.
World resources are exhausting day by day and
are threatened to be far too inadequate for
sustaining the growing world population.
A CENTURY THAT CHANGED THE WORLD
Change between 1890 (=1) and 1990s
Industrial output
40
Marine fish catch
35
Carbon dioxide emissions
17
Energy use
16
World economy
14
World urban population
13
Coal production
7
Air pollution
5
Irrigated area
5
World population
4
Horse population
1.1
Bird and mammal species
0.99
Forest area
0.8
Blue-whale population
0.0025
* Source “Something New Under the Sun” by John McNeill
Growth of Carbon Dioxide Emissions
350
Global Emissions, 1990 = 100%
300
250
200
150
100
100
50
0
1925
1950
1975 1990
Year
2000
2025
2050
UNEP Estimated Temperature Rise Due to GHG Emissions
• Earth’s average
temperature fluctuation
over the last 10000 years
• During last one century
About 1°C
0.3°C to 0.6 °C
• Estimated rise in next 100
years
1.5°C to 3 °C
• If no change in present
trend of GHG emission
0.3°C rise per decade
• If present trend is restricted
0.06°C rise per decade
• A large
emission
0.8°C rise per decade
rise
in
GHG
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE
 Tremendous increase in industrial activities
during past few decades.
 Release of obnoxious industrial wastes into
environment.
 Population explosion.
 Growth of vehicle population.
 Quality of industrial and vehicular fuel.
 Deforestation.
 Lack of awareness.
 Regional industrial and economic imbalance.
 Release of chemical substances.
Vulnerability of Nations
• 1000000 people in
Bangladesh live in areas
- Just 1 m above sea level
• 17% of Bangladesh area
- Likely to be submerged
by 2050
• Developing countries
- Twice as vulnerable as
developed countries
• Small island states
- Thrice as vulnerable as
developed countries.
WAYS IN WHICH CLIMATE CHANGE IS LIKELY TO
AFFECT HUMAN HEALTH. FROM WATSON ET AL. (1996)
Mediating Process
Health Outcomes
DIRECT
Exposure to thermal
extremes (especially
heat waves)
Altered frequency and/or
intensity of other extreme
weather events (floods,
storms, etc.)
Altered rates of heat and
cold-related illness and
death (especially
cardiovascular and
respiratory diseases)
Death, injuries, and
psychological disorders;
damage to public health
infrastructure
Contd.
Mediating Process
Health Outcomes
INDIRECT
Disturbances of
Ecological systems
Effects on range and activity
of vectors and infective
parasites
Altered local ecology of
water-borne and food-borne
infective agents
Altered food (especially
crop) productivity due to
changes in climate, weather
events, and associated pests
and diseases
Changes in geographic
ranges and incidence of
vector-borne diseases
Changed incidence of
diarrhea and certain other
infectious diseases
Regional malnutrition and
hunger, and consequent
impairment of child growth
and development Contd.
Mediating Process
Health Outcomes
INDIRECT (Contd.)
Sea-level rise, with
population displacement
and damage to
infrastructure (e.g.
sanitation)
Injuries, increased risks of
various infectious disease
(due to migration, crowding,
contamination of drinking
water), psychological
disorder
Levels and biological
impacts of air pollution,
including pollens and
spores
Asthma and allergic
disorders; other acute and
chronic respiratory
disorders and deaths
Social, economic, and
demographic dislocations
due to adverse climate
change impacts on economy,
and resource supply
Wide range of public health
consequences (e.g., mental
health, nutritional impairment,
infectious diseases, civil strife)
Impact on Human Society
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Water Sources
•
Food &
Agriculture
- Winter floods and
summer droughts,
changes in river flows.
- Changes in yields,
seasons for farming and
cultivable land, forestry
and fisheries
Impact on Human Society
•
Coastal Dwellers - Coastal flooding,
submerging of small
island nations.
•
Human
- Effect on infrastructure,
Settlement and
increase and changes in
Health
disease patterns.
Impact on Natural Environment
•
Hydrological
Cycle
•
Eco-systems
and vegetation
- Changes in rainy
seasons, rainfalls and
soil moisture.
- Changes in vegetation
zones and species mix,
reduction in bio-diversity.
(Some 300 species are
getting extinct every
year).
Impact on Natural Environment
•
Ice and Snow
•
Oceans and
Coasts
- Changes in ice-covered
areas and melting of
permafrost.
- Changes in winds and
ocean currents, tropical
storms and damaged
coastal eco-systems, sealevel rise.
Global
Environmental
Concerns
ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS
DURING LAST CENTURY
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
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1944 Los Angeles Smog Episode
1950 Poza Rica Air Pollution
1952 London Smog Episode
1953 Minamata Mercury Poisoning
Episode
 1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy
 1986 Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster.
 Smog over SE Asia (Asian Brown Haze)
GLOBAL CONCERNS
 Environment Summit at Stockholm in 1972
( 5th to 10 th June)
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Rio de Janerio in 1992
Kyoto Summit in 1997
Johannesburg Summit in 2002
COPs by United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
8th Conference at Delhi Oct 23 to Nov 1,2002
Key issues debated at Johannesburg
 How to create and distribute wealth without
destroying the natural capital?
 How to preserve the environment? and
 How to develop an efficient and equitable
economic system
CLIMATE CHANGE AND
INDUSTRY:
AN INDIAN CONTEXT
ECONOMIC
• Efficiency
• Growth
• Stability
• Poverty
Bio-diversity/Resilience
• Consultation/Empowerment
Natural Resources
• Culture/Heritage
Population
SOCIAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
• Intergenerational equity
• Popular participation
Elements of Sustainable Development
Opportunities & Challenges before the
Indian Industry

India has the option of creating an efficient
development model, which should be
sustainable without undue exhaustion of
natural capital.

India has abundant resources in the form
of human resources and bio-reserves.

India is facing the challenge of creating an
efficient system.
Concept of MINAS
MINAS envisages treatment of all wastes to
certain minimum standards regardless of the
type of waste waters and locations. This model
is effective in halting the obvious pollution
immediately and envisages a steady progress in
meeting the water quality objectives. It also
provides a fair degree of flexibility to the
Regulatory Authority for Control of Water
Pollution.
MINAS
The minimum treatment to be provided in
any waste waters aims at the removal of the
following pollutants:
 pathogens by effective disinfection
 toxic substances
 colloidal and dissolved organic solids
 mineral oils
 adjustment of pH
ASSOCHAM, a member of ICC, is a firm
believer and practitioner of Agenda 21 and
obtaining significant results in:
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Customer Satisfaction
•
More Business
•
Ultimately Less Cost of the product
Steps taken by ASSOCHAM members
for a sustainable industrial development
 Some enterprises are implementing
“responsible care” and product
stewardship
policies
and
programmes, fostering openness and
dialogue with employees and the
public and carrying out environmental
audits
and
assessments
of
compliance.
Steps taken by ASSOCHAM members
for a sustainable industrial development
 Discharge wastes that have adverse
impact on human and the environment is
being replaced with technologies, good
engineering and management practices
throughout the product life cycle.
 The concept of cleaner production helps in
optimizing efficiencies at every stages of
the product life cycle.
ISO is making Indian industry
Environment Friendly
Environment Management
ISO 14000
Environmental
Management
System
Environmental
Performance
Evaluation
Environmental
Auditing
Organization Evaluation
Life - Cycle
Assessment
Environmental
Labelling
Environmental
Aspects in
Product
Standards
Product Evaluation
Salient achievements of
ASSOCHAM members
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State-of-the-art industrial effluent treatment
plant
Zero discharge capability
Dry disposal of fly ash - used in building,
ash bricks, road construction,
Replacement from
– old rotary clean to fuel efficient gas
suspension calciners
– Stoker fired boilers to fuel efficient high
capacity, PF and FBC boilers
Salient achievements of
ASSOCHAM members
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Co-generation
Environment Management
Energy conservation
Re-habilitation and resettlement
activities
Energy auditing to cut down wasteful
use of energy
Total quality management
Social responsibility (SA 8000)
Salient achievements of
ASSOCHAM members
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Good engineering practices and better
housekeeping
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Reuse and recycling of waste
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Catalytic oxidation and reduction
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Using of pure raw material
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Waste compatibility