Transcript Document

5th Grade

All living things are composed of
cells; in complex organisms, groups
of cells form complex structures that
work together for the survival of the
organism.
1.
2.
a)
b)
c)
All living things are made up of cells
Structure of cells (both plant and animal)
- Cell membrane: selectively allows substances in
and out
- Nucleus: surrounded by nuclear membrane,
contains genetic materials, divides for reproduction
- Cytoplasm contains organelles, small structures
that carry out the chemical activities of the cell,
including mitochondria (which produce the cell;s
energy) and vacuoles (which store food, water, or
waste).
3.
4.
5.
Plant cells, unlike animal cells,
have cell walls and chloroplasts.
Cells without nuclei: monerans
(bacteria)
Some organisms consist of only a
single cell: for example, amoeba,
protozoans, some algae.
6.
7.
a)
b)
c)
Cells are shaped differently in order to perform
different functions.
Organization of cells into tissues, organs, and
systems
- In complex organisms, groups of cells form tissues
(In animals – skin, muscle, In plants – skin of onion,
bark of tree).
- Tissues with similar functions form organs (heart,
brain, root, flower)
- In complex organisms, organs work together in a
system (digestive, circulatory).
 All
living
things are
made up of
cells.
EUKARYOTIC CELLS


Cells in human beings
and other multicellular
animals are eukaryotic
cells.
Plant cells are also
eukaryotic cells.
PROKARYOTIC CELLS


Single celled organisms
and are also known as
moneran.
Example: bacteria
STRUCTURE OF ANIMAL CELL
STRUCTURE OF PLANT CELL
What are some of the similarities and differences of these two
types of cells?


Cells in human
beings and other
multicellular
animals are
eukaryotic cells.
Some common
features of an animal
cell are located in
the picture to the
right.
The cell membrane –
is a layer of molecules
that surrounds the
cell, keeping it
separate from the
external environment
and controlling the
passages of
substances into and
out of the cell.
- Inside the cell
membrane is a
jellylike substance
called cytoplasm.
- This contains
organelles that carry
out the chemical
activities of the cell.
-
-
-
One of the most
important
organelles in an
animal cell is the
nucleus.
Is like the Cell’s
brain
It contains all of the
information the cell
needs to do specific
jobs, grow and
divide.
It contains the DNA
molecules.
- Produce the
energy for the
cell.
- Also known as
the “powerhouse
of the cell”.
- Has a highly
folded inner
membrane
(cristae).
Vacuoles
- A sac of fluid
surrounded by
a membrane
used to store
food, fluid, or
waste
products.
They contain
all of the
features of
animal cells
just noted, plus
some
additional
features.
Chloroplasts
 food for plant cells
is made here
 Transforms light
energy into
chemical energy
which is stored in
food molecules.
 Contain chlorophyll
– a green pigment
that traps light
energy and gives
plants their green
color.
Cell Wall
-
-
shapes and
supports a
plant cell
Surrounds the
plasma
membrane of
the cells of
plants,
bacteria, and
fungi.
Also known as the
moneran.
- Prokaryotic cells
have neither a
defined nucleus
nor the types of
organelles that
eukaryotic cells
have.
- Unicellular, or
single celled.
 Some organisms
consist of only a
single cell: for
example –
- Amoeba
- Protozoans
- some algae.
 Cells are
shaped
differently
in order to
perform
different
functions.
Tissues
 Groups of cells working together to perform a
specialized activity are known as tissues.
Muscle Tissues
Come in three different types:
PLANT TISSUES
The function
of many plant
tissues is to
strengthen
and support
the plant.
Plant Tissues
ORGANS
Are structures
of combined
tissues that
perform a
common task
ORGANS
Are structures
of combined
tissues that
perform a
common task
NOT THAT
TYPE OF
ORGAN!
PLANT ORGANS
Plants have
organs, too.
One plant
organ is the
root.
SYSTEM
Organ systems
are formed when
two or more
organs interact to
assist in the
entire organism’s
survival.