Transcript Agroclimatic Observatory in Chile

ENHANCING THE CHILEAN CLIMATE
OBSERVATORY FOR BUILDING RESILIENCE OF
MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS AND LOCAL
COMMUNITIES
Sub Departament of Information, Monitoring and Prevention for
Integrated Risk Management (IMP-IRM) – Ministry of Agriculture of Chile
24th – 25th february 2016, Brussels, Belgium
CHILE AND THE CLIMATE CHANGE
CHILE AND THE CLIMATE CHANGE
 According to the IPCC, Chile is one of the countries which
has been affected and which will continue to be affected by
some of the changes predicted for the region.
 Productivity of some important crops and of livestock is
projected to decrease, with adverse consequences for food
security. Meanwhile, changes in precipitation levels and the
disappearance of glaciers will have a significant impact on
water availability for human consumption, agriculture and
hydroelectricity.
Source: National Climate Change Action Plan 2008-2012.
CHILE AND THE CLIMATE CHANGE
 Chile is a signatory of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol.
 As a developing country Chile has no binding commitments
under these instruments to reduce its emissions, but is obligated to periodically submit National Communications that
should include an inventory of its greenhouse gas emissions
as well as information on its vulnerability to climate
change, the impacts of climate change on the country,
alternatives available for adapting to those impacts and
alternatives for mitigating its GHG emissions.
Source: National Climate Change Action Plan 2008-2012.
CHILE AND THE DISASTERS
 Chile is part of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction reflecting a
major shift from the traditional emphasis on disaster response to disaster
reduction, and in effect seeks to promote a "culture of prevention".
 Our Sub Department of Information, Monitoring and Prevention participates
formulating the Policy and Strategy for DRR, at national level under the
National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction coordinated by the focal point
ONEMI (National Officce for Emergencies).
RISK MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE
 Building the resilience Nations and Communities to
Disasters means reduction of economic, social, health,
cultural and environmental lost in communities and
countries.
 The goal declare at the Chart of the Sendai Framework for
Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 is “Prevent new and
reduce existing disaster risk through the implementation of
integrated and inclusive economic, structural, legal, social,
health, cultural, educational, environmental, technological,
political and institutional measures that prevent and reduce
hazard exposure and vulnerability to disaster, increase
preparedness for response and recovery, and thus
strengthen resilience.
Source: Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2015-2030,
http://www.preventionweb.net/drr-framework/sendai-framework, feb 2016.
RISK MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE
 Risk management in agriculture is now an essential tool for farmers to
anticipate, avoid and react to shocks.
 An efficient risk management system for agriculture will preserve the
standard of living of those who depend on farming, strengthen the
viability of farm businesses, and provide an environment which
supports investment in the farming sector.
 Government policies should take a holistic approach to risk
management, assessing all risks and their relationship to each other,
and avoiding focussing on a single source of risk such as prices.
 Governments can help farmers to assess and manage their own risk by
providing information and training.
 Agricultural risk management policies should focus on catastrophic
risks that are rare but cause significant damage to many farmers at the
same time.
 Contingency plans should define in advance the procedures,
responsibilities and limits of the policy response.
Source: http://www.oecd.org/agriculture/, feb 2016.
CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT
 Risk management related to Climate is to broadcast
appropriate information, through efficient management
systems, to alert officials in order to gargantee food
security and water availability, long before the real dangers
occur.
(Source: WHO, 2010).
 Using climate information in a multi-disciplinary
sciencetific context to face climate impacts and the
resources management problems for development .
(Source: IRI, 2010).
HOW DO WE DO IT
To Move From
To
New Approach
(“Risk
Management”)
Emphasis on
continuing action to
manage risks to
reduce the effects of
climate events and
bounded, fast and
efficient management
of emergencies them.
Transfer Shaft
responsibility and
state response to
increase the capacity
and responsibility of
farmers to meet their
own climate risks.
“RISK MANAGEMENT”
• Transferencia del riesgo
y diversificación
• Instrumentos de
mitigación
PLANIFICATI
ON
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
MITIGATIO
N
PNRRD
INIA
Capacitación
Proyectos específicos
PACC
CTICC
FACC
MONITORING/E
ARLY WARNING
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
RAN (parámetros y funciones)
Monitoreo sequía
Vigilancia de heladas
Outlook estacional
Coyuntura Agroclimática
Comunicados diarios (twitter)
Comunicados masivos (Mail Chimp)
PROTECTION
DISASTER/EMERGE
NCY
• Instrumentos
de adaptación
• Instrumentos
de emergencia
RECONSTRUC
TION
RECOVERY
• Informe INIA
• Procedimiento de
declaración EA
IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
RECOVERY
• Instrumentos de
emergencia
RESPONSE
“CRISIS MANAGEMENT”
•
•
•
•
•
Declaración de EA
Plan de apoyo
Plan de contingencia
Protocolo EA
Seguimiento
INTEGRATED RISK MANAGEMENT
DEPARTMENT
Integrated Risk Management
Development and
Promotion of
Management
Tools
Information, Monitoring and Prevention
National
Agroclimatic
Network/Alerts
Agroclimatic
Observatory
Spatial Data
Infraestructure
(SDI)
Agroclimatic
Reports
Training and
communication
strategy and
social networks
for monitoring
and prevention
Adaptation
practices and
projects for
prevention
Agricultural
insurance and
Price coverage
Insurance for
agricultural
emergencies
Disaster
abatement
Protocol for
action and
monitoring
system
Agricultural
emergency
record
ACTION FRAMEWORK OF THE SUB DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION, MONITORING AND PREVENTION
FOR INTEGRATED RISK MANAGEMENT – MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE OF CHILE
Monitoring and Information:
Observatory
• Maproom y Data Library of the
Agroclimatic Observatory
• Seasonal Outlook
• Agroclimatic juncture
• Drought Monitoring Matrix
• National Agroclimatic Network
• Agroclimatic Web Portal
• Agreements/Partners: INIA,
CAZALAC, IRI, DMC, CRAN, DGA,
FAO, UNESCO, CEAZA, CIREN
Agricultural emergencies
• Protocol Application for the
agricultural emergency declaration
procedure: pre-emergency
components.
• Support Plan for the contingency
• Institutional early coordination
Regional Comissions (CREA)
Training
• Coordination at regional level for
the prevention, information and
monitoring of main risks.
• Monitoring and support for the
implementation of Risk
Management Work Plans.
• Support to the regional procedure
of agricultura emergency
declaration at regional level.
• Training related to Risk
Management RM, use of the
information and monitoring tools
for RM, instruments and practices
of adaptation and mitigation:
• E-learning courses
• Classroom courses
• Workshops
• Collaborative training iniciatives
with other institutions
• Printed and audiovisual material
• National and International
Seminars
National Platform
for Disaster Risk
Management DRM
Specific Projects
Climate Change
• Policymaking and
Strategy Formulation
of DRM
• Participation in
working groups of the
National Platform for
DRM
• DRM Training
• Focal point: ONEMI
• SECANO Project (TCP/CHI/3403 FAO)
– Dryland, arid and semi-arid areas
• Project: “Supporting Effective Drought
Risk Management in Vulnerable
Catchments of Chile” (British Council
Newton-Picarte Fund)
• Project of the Adaptation Fund:
Enhancing Resilience to Climate
Change of the Small Agriculture in the
Chilean Region of O´Higgins
• JICA Project: capacity building on
DRM
• To contribute to adaptation
by climate risk management:
• National Adaptation Plan
for Climate Change
(Measure N°4)
• Intraministerial Technical
Committe of Climate
Change
• Adaptation Fund for
Climate Change Project
Drought – Irrigation
Comission
• To analyze and do
proposals related for
water resources
strategies
Spatial Data
Infrastructure (IDEMinagri)
• Geographic coverage
information of Min. of
Agriculture services
• Cadaster: natural
resources, productive
activities, food security,
infraestructura and
information of farmers
benefited by MINAGRI.
AGROCLIMATIC OBSERVATORY
 The Agroclimatic Observatory is an important decisionmaking tool for integrated risk management.
AGROCLIMATIC OBSERVATORY
 Caractheristics:




Developed by collaborative work*
Multi-stakeholders participation
Free of barriers - information access (no cost, no password)
Integrated approach for the information:
• different time scales (short term to long term, past to the future)
• different levels of information (farmers, authorities, consultants,
researchers, etc.)
• Multiple sources of information: National Agroclimatic Network
(RAN, in coordination with a Private Consortium); General Direction
of Water (DGA of Ministry of Public Works); Meteorological Direction
of Chile (DMC of the National Direction of Civil Aeronautic); and
National Institute for Agricultural Researches (INIA of the Ministry of
Agriculture).
*IRI, FAO, UNESCO, CAZALAC, CEAZA, INIA, FDF, DMC, DGA, IMP-IRM
AGROCLIMATIC OBSERVATORY
•Maproom y Data Library of the Agroclimatic Observatory
•Seasonal Outlook
•Agroclimatic juncture
•Drought Monitoring Matrix
•Drought Combinated Index
•National Agroclimatic Network
•Agroclimatic Web Portal
•Agreements/Partners: INIA, CAZALAC, IRI, DMC, CRAN, DGA, FAO,
UNESCO, CEAZA, CIREN
AGROCLIMATIC OBSERVATORY
GOVERNANCE
• UNEA
• UNESCO
• FAO
• IRI
• CEAZA
• CAZALAC
Founders
•UNEA
•UNESCO
•FAO
•IRI
•CEAZA
•CAZALAC
•DMC
•DGA
•FDF
•METEOVID
•INIA
• IMP-GIR
(ExUNEA)
COMITÉ
EJECUTIV
O
Associates
members
LINES OF WORK- FUNCTIONS
-Identify priorities for information
-Better link with existing programs
- Secure the support of partners
- Link to research in universities
Executive
Secretariat
Meteoriological
Drought
Precipitationn
AnualTrend
Observed
Precipitation- DGA
Hydrological
Drought
Observed Flows DGA
Ínormalized
Difference
Vegetation Index
NDVI
Flood Waring
Soil Wsater
Availability
DGA*
Observed
Precipitation –
National Agroclimatic
Network (RAN)
Ístandarized
Precipitation Index
(SPI)
Agricutural
Drought
INIA
Historical
Analysis
Expected Maximum
Precipitation
Expected Mínimum
Precipitación
Forecasts
Seasonal Forecast
DMC
Global seasonal
Forecast
IRI
Return Period of
Drought
AVAILABLE INDICATORS IN THE OBSERVATORY FOR DROUGHT
MONITORING
PRESENT
PAST
FUTURE
TARAPACA
ANTOGAGASTA
ATACAMA
COQUIMBO
VALPARAÍSO
METROPOLITANA
O'HIGGINS
MAULE
BIOBÍO
ARAUCANÍA
LOS RÍOS
LOS LAGOS
AYSEN
MAGALLANES
REGIONS
ARICA Y PARINACOTA
DROUGHT MONITORING MATRIX. DECEMBER 15, 2915
+100
+100
160
44
-15
-30
-25
-10
-7
-15
7
-15
14
30
1. Metheorological
Drought
Déficit (Surplus)
precipitation
+100 /-67
(30.11).Percentage.DGA/
DMC
Return Period Deficit
Regional Level(years).
(AO)
0,95
SPI-3
0,94
SPI-6
0,23
SPI-12
1,67
1,11
0,28
-0,61
-0,95
0,07
1,12
0,56
0,70
2,2
0,61
0,8
2
2,5
3
3,3
5
5
0
6
6
1,6
0
0,2
1,2
-0,4
-0,51
0,55
-0,4
-0,46
1,46
0
-0,16
1,24
0,12
-0,51
0,7
0,32
-0,48
0,28
0,27
-0,49
0,1
0,15
-1
-1,28
0,33
0,3
-0,94
2,35
0,63
65
22
2. Hydrological Drought
Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation
Irrigation
with
with
with
with
Irrigation Irrigation
with secure careful careful careful careful without without
availability resource resource resource resource restriction restriction
use
use
use
use
Irrigation Forecast by
Basin (DGA)
% Excedence Probabiity
of Streamflow (DGA)
23-28
28-60
67-75
63-75
65-76
45-65
53
74
97
96
58
68
62
59
46
47
50
0-25%
0-50%
0-50%
0-25%
0-75%
0-50%
0-75%
0-50%
3. Agricultural Drought
Vegetation Condition
Index (VCI)
Soil Water Availability
54
56
68
COMBINED DROUGHT INDEX
WORK PROPOSAL FOR BUILDING
RESILIENCE OF MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS
AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES
PRIORITY ISSUES AND ACTIVITIES
PRIORITY ISSUES
1. Improvement of Integrated Risk Management by building
a Drought Policy. This policy will consider three pilars:
 Monitoring, forecast and early warning system
 Vulnerability and Resilience impact assessment
 Mitigation and response plans and measures
2. Implementation of climate services to enhance the water
resources management.
3. Building climatically resilient catchments to get better
ecosystemic services
4. Pre-Drought Programme and Risk Reduction Actions
(short term to long term initiatives).
TRANSVERSAL ACTIVITIES
1. Strengthen of the community by using practices related
to Rainfed/Dryland Management to sustain the
development and implementation of CRM in the Region.
2. Training of multi-stakeholders to strength
resilience capacities to face climate hazards.
theirs
PRIORITY ACTIVITIES
1. Enhancing the Integrated Risk Management through a
Preparedness Policy.
 Agroclimatic Observatory as a tool for decision-makers (multi
stakeholders):
•
•
•
•
Move towards an Adaptive governance
Outlook as an instance for analysis and reflection
Enphatize the Holistic approach
Recognition, validation and positioning.
 Development and consolidation of preparedness policies and
mitigation strategies (to add monitoring and preparedness).
PRIORITY ACTIVITIES
2. Training of muliples stakeholders.
 e-learning courses with regional participation
3. Strengthening of the Community on management
practices in dryland areas to sustain the development and
implementation of CRM in the Region.
 Broadcasting of Drought Management Tools for Dryland/Rainfed
areas.
 Regional Observatory for development and implementation of
CRM in the Region.
PROPOSAL IN DETAIL
1.
Improved integrated drought risk management towards a policy for drought
preparedness
 Support the further development of national drought monitoring and early warning
capacities
 International Symposium on Drought Management Tools 2016, or, an International Seminar to share
experiences between countries related with Agroclimatic Observatory for establishment of joint work
areas. Topics to be considered: available information, collaborative work, institutional framework
(Technical Committee); integration of the Scientific community, information according to every kind of
users (farms, advisors, authorities, etc.); integrating of monitoring and preparedness for disasters; etc.
 Develop effective methodologies to asses drought vulnerabilities at the watershed level
 To support a participative process to elaborate and validate a methodology for the assessment of
socioeconomic impacts and vulnerability of drought. In order to construct and implement this
methodology it will be integrated the public and private sector, and academics in the process. In
addition, it will be formed a working group to coordinate, from the central level, the application of a
work plan.
 Contribute to the development of drought preparedness policies and mitigation strategies
 International Symposium on Drought Management Tools 2016; or, an International Seminar to share
experiences between countries related with Agroclimatic Observatory for establishment of joint work
areas. Topics to be considered: available information, collaborative work, institutional framework
(Technical Committee); integration of the Scientific community, information according to every kind of
users (farms, advisors, authorities, etc.); integrating of monitoring and preparedness for disasters; etc.
PROPOSAL IN DETAIL
2.
Training of multiple stakeholders to strengthen capacities on climate services targeting
water resources management and to increase resilience to climate hazards
 To develop an e-learning training course on drought and vulnerability. The course will be developed at
the framework of collaborative network of professionals of the countries. It will be implemented at the
own learning platforms, without costs for users; course intended for training of professionals of the
agricultural sector. It could be possible to integrate this course to other platforms, for example, to the
World Bank Group (Open Learning Campus) to be widely available. This activity will be financed with
the support of countries and partners, and it will be explored the possibility that the World Bank
contributed to its concretion.
3.
Strengthening of the community of practice on dryland management (GWADI-LAC) to
support development and implementation of climate risk management in the region.
 Dryland Expert Database and Regional Handbook of Drought Management
 A board or working group coordinated by the Sub Department IMP-GIR to construct a Chilean
Dryland Experts Database (participative process) to integrate the existing Dryland Expert DB,
being modeled taking account the Open Learning Campus of the World Bank Group or other similar
platform for knowledge. This kind of model consider collaboration networks between people,
knowledge access y courses offerings and documents, contact with experts, etc. This will permit to
count on articles and documents with the purpose to be added to the Handbook of Drought
Management Tools. At this part of the initiative it will be possible to add measures and practices
identified for agriculture of dryland areas, and an App mobile developed for this purpose.
 International Symposium on Drought Management Tools 2016.
 Lecture of the Chilean experience on collaborative work with public and private sector for drought
risk management (monitoring, early warning alerts system, etc.), emphasizing on dryland areas.
PROPOSAL IN DETAIL
4.
Implementation of climate services to improve water management across
spatial and temporal scales
 Climate and meteorological services
 To develop a Mobile Application for users of local level with Access to real time meteorological
information, alerts, forecasts and recommendations of actions. This App incorporate the
available information developed by the different platforms of the Sub Department IMP-GIR.
 To develop models that link the agroclimatic information available and forecasts of yields or
others indicators of agricultural production.
 To strengthen backup and security systems for agroclimatic information, for existing platforms
and mobile App. High capacity server for data saving, response speed and information
guaranties.
5.
Building climate resilient watersheds while enhancing their ecosystem
services
 To print and broadcast adaptation practices. Handbook for dryland areas.
 Mobile App for field practices related to adaptation (step by step implementation of
each practice, maintenance, recommendations of production and market). This App
will be based on a Handbook developed for dryland areas, INIA experiences on
regenerative agriculture, holistic management, Keyline system, rainfall harvesting,
etc.
THANKS…