Transcript WHO technical co-operation on climate and health

Piloting
Climate Change Adaptation
to Protect Human Health
A joint WHO/UNDP project
funded by the Global Environmental Facility (GEF)
Project Overview
Goal: "Increase adaptive capacity of national health system
institutions, including field practioners, to respond to climate
sensitive health risks"
This project works directly with seven developing countries to
design and implement practical measures to protect health under a
rapidly changing climate.
China – Uzbekistan- Fiji- Barbados - Kenya- Jordan-Bhutan
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Climate Adaptation to Protect Human Health
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Project Rationale
 Strong evidence of past and future climate change
 Established links between climate change and health
 Major health vulnerabilities to climate change in developing
countries
 Need for adaptation measures to protect human health under
climate variability and climate change
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Evidence of Past Climate Change
Source: NASA, GISS, 2009
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Estimates of Future Climate Change
Source: Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC)
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Climate Change and Health Linkages
Some expected impacts will be beneficial but most will be
adverse. Expectations are mainly for changes in frequency or
severity of familiar health risks
•Modifying
•factors
•Human exposures
CLIMATE
CHANGE
•Regional weather
•changes
•Heat waves
•Extreme weather
•Temperature
•Precipitation
•Contamination
•pathways
•Transmission
•dynamics
•Agroecosystems
•hydrology
•Socioeconomics,
•demographics
Health effects
•Temperature-related illness and death
•Extreme weather- related health effects
•Air pollution-related health effects
•Water and food-borne diseases
•Vector-borne and rodent- borne diseases
•Effects of food and water shortages
•Effects of population displacement
Based on Patz et al, 2000
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Health Burden due to Climate Change in
Developing Countries
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Adaptation Project Pilot Countries
Seven countries in different ecosystem zones, representing different health
risks from climate change
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Small island developing states: Fiji and Barbados
Countries with highland areas: Bhutan and Kenya
Water-stressed Countries: Jordan and Uzbekistan
Countries with multiple vulnerabilities: China
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Vulnerabilities in Highland Areas
Main health risks in highland regions
 Physical health hazards from changing
patterns of precipitation, snowmelt, and
glacier-lake overflows
 Increase in vector-borne diseases (e.g.
malaria and dengue) due to the effects of
temperature on the disease transmission
cycle.
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Vulnerabilities in Water-stressed Areas
Changing precipitation patterns are likely to
affect the quality and quantity of water
supply, and bring new risks through changing
agricultural practices.
This may exacerbate two of the largest causes
of global ill health:
 Poor water and sanitation
 Malnutrition
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Vulnerabilities in Small-Island Developing
States
High priority risks in low-lying countries include:
 Physical hazards (i.e. hurricanes, flooding)
 Infectious Diseases (water and vector borne:
malaria, dengue, diarrhoeal diseases, typhoid)
 Salination of freshwater (decrease in water for
drinking and hygiene)
 Food Security (drought & land salination)
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Project Timeline and Budget
 Design phase of one year
 Implementation phase (Jan 2010 – Jan 2014)
DESIGN PHASE
1 year
IMPLEMENTATION PHASE OF FULL PROJECT
4 years
GEF funding
US$ 4.5 million
In cash and in-kind co-financing US$ 16.6 million
Total Project
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Climate Adaptation to Protect Human Health
US$ 21, 159, 000
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Project Design Phase Activities (I)
 Identify main health vulnerabilities to climate variability and
change for each country, e.g.
 Diseases associated with water scarcity
 Storms and floods
 Changing patterns of vector-borne pathogens,
 Malnutrition
 Examine current health policies to address these threats
 Identify strategies, policies, and measures that would address the
incremental health risks posed by climate change
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Project Design Phase Activities (II)
 Identify barriers to implementation of the various strategies,
policies, and measures
 Assess incremental costs of necessary activities relative to the
current baseline
 Design a proposal to implement one or more actions for each
country
 Share information across countries and develop final project
proposal
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Full Project Activities
 Select long-term cost-effective and sustainable adaptation:
 Strategies (e.g. cross-sectoral fora for natural disaster
prevention)
 Policies (e.g. for safe use of wastewater in agriculture)
 Measures (e.g. preparation and prevention of disease outbreaks
through health education, and early warning)
 Implement these adaptations strategies, policies, and measures in the
field
 Synthesize and share the lessons learnt.
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Project Objectives & Outcomes
Objective:
Increase adaptive capacity to respond to climate sensitive health risks
in seven countries.
Four Specific Outcomes related to:
1. Early Warning and Early Response Systems
2. Capacity Building based on EWS information
3. Disease prevention measures implemented
4. Cross country cooperation on innovative adaptation centric health
strategies, policies, and measures
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Expected National Project Benefits
Measurable increases in "adaptive capacity" to
climate sensitive health risks
 Reduction in the burden of climate sensitive diseases;
 Reduction of the effect of climate change on human health;
 Better Integration of planning and implementation across
sectors
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Expected Global Benefits
 Improved knowledge of the links between climate, health, and
adaptation options in the most vulnerable contexts.
 Identification of adaptation strategies that other countries can
use to protect human health from the impact of climate change.
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Project Organization Structure
Project Board
Executive:
UNDP
Senior Beneficiary:
Pilot country Government
Representatives
Project Assurance
Senior Technical Advisor
(UNDP/EEG)
Senior Technical Advisor
(WHO/PHE)
Barbados
Steering
group
Fiji
Steering
group
Project Manager
(WHO/Geneva)
Uzbekistan
Steering
group
Jordan
Steering
group
Senior Supplier:
WHO
Project Support
(Admin Assistant)
Bhutan
Steering
group
Global Knowledge Management Component (WHO)
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Kenya
Steering
group
China
Steering
group
National Level Project Partners
 National Government Ministries (e.g. Health, Environment,
Agriculture)
 Agencies (e.g. Meteorology Agency)
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NGOs in health and environment fields
Researchers
Health Practitioners
Representatives of most vulnerable community groups
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Global Project Partners
Global Environmental Facility (GEF)
 Project Funder
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
 GEF agency, provides broad expertise in adapting to
climate change
World Health Organization (WHO)
 Executing agency for the project design phase,
 Technical support for design, selection and
implementation of health protection measures.
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Future
Climate change adaptation is a new field.
The long term aims of the project are to:
 Extend lessons from this pilot project to countries facing
similar stresses, but with few resources,
 Support broad aims of preventive approaches to protect
health and,
 Widen partnerships for health protection from climate risks
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For more information
on Climate and Health Actions
http://www.who.int/globalchange
http://www.undp.org/climatechange
http://www.adaptationlearning.net/project/piloting-climate-change-adaptationprotect-human-health
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OUTCOME 1
Early warning and response system with timely information on likely incidence
of climate-sensitive health risks established
Country
Indicative Activities Planned
Barbados
Analysis of relationship between meteorological variables and incidence of water-related diseases and dengue to develop
early warning system, with flexibility to update as climate change and other trends alter relationships. Establishment of
communication mechanisms for advance warning and definition of operational procedures for health sector response to
contaminated water, and to dengue outbreaks.
Bhutan
Mechanism to provide GLOF early warnings to emergency health services, operating procedures for health sector response.
Establishment of prediction system for climate sensitive infectious diseases, covering seasonal variation, and increase and
spread in transmission with climate change.
China
Development of over-arching coordination mechanism to link meteorological and health monitoring data. Development of
algorithms for correlation of met. and health data, providing advance warning of health risks from heatwaves, with flexibility
to update as climate change and other trends alter relationships.
Fiji
Development and implementation of Health Information System covering hydro-meteorological disasters (HMDs) and
climate-sensitive diseases, integrated between meteorological and health agencies. Development of operational procedures
to manage psychosocial impacts of HMDs.
Jordan
Development of integrated system for monitoring water and food contamination, linked to disease monitoring. Development
of operational procedures for rapid response when elevated health risks from wastewater are detected.
Kenya
Development of simple algorithms for correlation of meteorological and malaria data, suitable for use by district level health
officers. Integration within existing operational guidelines to form decision support system for response to malaria
epidemics, and expansion to areas newly at risk due to climate change. Development of protocol for updating prediction
algorithms as climate and other drivers change.
Uzbekistan
Development and implementation of protocols to link and correlate health and meteorological data. Development of
protocols for operational response by the health sector, and for dissemination of public health warnings, in response to
elevated health risks. Development of protocol for updating prediction algorithms as climate and other drivers change.
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OUTCOME 2
Capacity of health sector institutions to respond to climate-sensitive health
risks based on early warning information improved
Country
Indicative Activities Planned
Barbados
Adaptation of global guidelines to define national standards and enforcement practice for safe use of wastewater,
and response to warnings of elevated health risks.
Revision of guidance to ensure that household water storage practices in response to climate change, and vector
control actions do not conflict. Training and support of health sector personnel for temporal and spatial
targeting of vector control interventions in response to early warnings.
Bhutan
Definition of health working group within existing inter-sectoral coordination mechanism for adaptation to climate
change.
Training and support for district level health managers, and review of intervention plans, to incorporate temporal
and spatial targeting of health interventions for climate-sensitive diseases.
China
Development and support of coordination mechanism, and development of operational procedures for
meteorological and health sectors during heat-waves. Development and support of training for emergency
medical treatment during heat-waves.
Fiji
Development and support for coordination mechanism for climate change and health action. Development of health
action plans, incorporation in HMD response plans in Health Ministry and National Disaster Management
Office. Revision of Environmental Health Impact Assessment process to support disaster risk reduction.
Jordan
Development of a coordinated legislative framework to minimize health risks from increased wastewater re-use, with
defined institutional responsibilities, coordinated by inter-sectoral board. Revision and updating of framework
and monitoring standards based on project and international experience.
Kenya
Training and support for district health officers in the use of decision support system, including meteorological data,
to increase malaria control effectiveness and address elevated transmission and spread driven by climate
change.
Uzbekistan
Health sector training on the linkages between climate variability and change and climate sensitive diseases, and
increasing control effectiveness through spatial and temporal targeting of interventions. Development of
public health information campaign for diseases predicted to increase through climate change.
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OUTCOME 3
Disease prevention measures piloted in areas of heightened health risk due to climate
change
Country
Indicative Activities Planned
Barbados
Implementation of community based public health education campaigns on safe-use of wastewater and on dengue
vector control, targeted on periods of high climatic risk. Monitoring and evaluation of effectiveness in
reducing risks of water-related diseases, including severity of dengue outbreaks.
Bhutan
Implementation of interventions for epidemic control in response to GLOFs and other climate-related natural
disasters.
Scale up and targeting of community level interventions for control of water and vector-borne disease, for times of
peak incidence, monitoring of effectiveness in reducing summer disease peaks.
China
Implementation of heat-health warning systems in 3 pilot cities, monitoring of effectiveness in decreasing heatrelated mortality.
Fiji
Implementation of Early Warning and Response system developed above, with monitoring of effectiveness in
minimizing immediate and secondary (e.g. disease outbreak) health impacts of HMDs.
Jordan
Adaptation of the WHO guidelines on safe waste-water practices for the national context, implementation of the
health protection measures in 3 pilot sites, with monitoring and evaluation of impact on water-related
diseases.
Kenya
Increased coverage of community level malaria control interventions within 3 pilot districts at increased risk of
malaria epidemics, within high risk periods identified by warning system above. Monitoring and evaluation
of increased coverage and targeting of interventions, and reduction in malaria mortality and morbidity
during epidemics.
Uzbekistan
Implementation of interventions of known effectiveness (heat advisories, health education campaigns), timed for
periods of increased climatic risks, within 3 provinces. Monitoring and evaluation of intervention coverage,
and effectiveness in reducing summer peaks of one indicator disease (diarrhoea).
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OUTCOME 4
Cooperation among participating countries promotes innovation in
adaptation to climate change including variability
Country
Indicative Activities Planned
All countries
Development and operation of project web site; Exchange of best practices and lessons learned making
use of the ALM Lessons Learned template, the UNDP Treamworks mechanism and the WHO
website; revision of guidance documents for GEF and WHO on climate change adaptation
programming in the health sector
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