Transcript Sustainable development, policies and measures

Sustainable development
policies and measures
A strategic approach
for enhancing the climate regime post-2012
Presentation by South Africa to 2nd Workshop
of the Convention Dialogue
15-16 November 2006
Nairobi, Kenya
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The concept of SD-PAMs
• Sustainable development (SD) policies and measures
(PAMs)
• Backcast from desired future state of development, not
GHG reduction goal or cap
– define more sustainable paths to meet development objectives
• Primary motivation for developing countries is economic
growth,development, job creation and poverty eradication.
• How to capture and measure the potential of SD cobenefits under the Convention for developing countries?
• Need a new strategic approach to capture the potential
under the multi-lateral framework – SD-PAMs is one
possible approach
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More ‘sustainable’ development paths make
mitigation easier
IPCC Emission Scenarios (grey) versus emissions path needed for stabilisation (red)
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35
40
IPCC SRES A1T Scenarios
A1T
35
30
30
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
A1T
650
550
450
5
0
1990
30
A1FI
A
10
750
6
550
450
5
0
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
IPCC SRES B1 Scenarios
35
B1
30
25
25
20
20
15
15
IPCC SRES B2 Scenarios
B2
B2
10
10
650
550
450
B1
550
450
5
0
1990
2100
40
40
35
IPCC SRES A1FI Scenarios
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
5
0
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
Source: IPCC 2001 Third Assessment Report, WG3, p. 151
2070
2080
2090
2100
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The basis of SD-PAMs
Article 2, the oft-forgotten second sentence:
"Such a level should be achieved within a time-frame
sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to
climate change, to ensure that food production is not
threatened and to enable economic development to
proceed in a sustainable manner."
Principle in Article 3.4
“The Parties have a right to, and should, promote
sustainable development.”
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The basis of SD-PAMs
Delhi Ministerial Declaration on Climate Change and
Sustainable Development:
Decision 1/CP.8 outlined the importance of linking climate
change and sustainable development in both directions:
mitigation measures should be “integrated with national
development programmes, taking into account that
economic development is essential for adopting
measures to address climate change” and “National
sustainable development strategies should integrate
more fully climate change objectives in key areas such as
water, energy, health, agriculture and biodiversity”
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Strategic approach
• New approach needed to effectively capture co-benefits of
local sustainable development in developing countries
• Build on existing commitments (FCCC Art 4.1, KP 10)
• Give greater recognition to action taken by developing
countries
• A commitment to implement SD policies
– not based on climate target, but choosing a development path that
results in lowered emissions
• Large-scale policies, measures, programmes of work not
projects.
• Formalise this pledge
– Could be a list of countries
– Could be a register of pledged policies and programmes
• Establish methodologies for quantifying benefits of SDPAMs (both SD and CC)
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An example of an SD-PAM from South
Africa
• Development objectives
– remove backlog of ~2.6 million households
• Current policy
– annually build 300 000 low cost houses
• Possible shift to more sustainable development path
– All new RDP houses built with a range of energy efficiency
interventions
• Insulation, ceilings, orientation, window size
• Barrier is pressure on subsidy; enforce through codes
• Incremental cost ~R 2000 / household – measures to plug price gap
– Local benefits
• Energy savings to household
• Increased thermal comfort
• Reduced indoor air pollution
• Potential GHG emission reduction
– 50 – 600 kt CO2-eq across all houses over period
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Possible Approaches to Formalising SD-PAMs
in the multi-lateral system
1. Country outlines future development objectives
2. Identifies PAMs to make development more
sustainable
3. Pledge to implement policies for sustainable
development
4. Register – formal recognition of action
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E.g. Name of country in an Annex (FCCC Annex III)
E.g. list of SD-PAMs in a registry, maintained by Secretariat
Allow countries to decide whether to register and how to
report
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Implement and report
5. Implement SD-PAMs
6. Monitor implementation
–
National capacity to monitor critical
7. Regular reporting on implementation (FCCC Art.
12.4)
–
–
Could be part of national communications …
… separate reporting perhaps preferable
8. Primary reporting: SD units
– Also quantify GHG co-benefits
– Common metric
9. Review progress – further recognition
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SD-PAMs and post-2012
• SD PAMs approach is complementary to and different
from existing target based GHG reduction measures
• …and could be important in mobilising developing country
action
– Turn climate from ‘threat’ into genuine opportunity to make
development sustainable for DCs
• Only requires a decision by the COP, not a whole new
Protocol
• Measuring and reporting on climate co-benefits of SD
PAMs could enable trust-building under the Convention
• One possible ‘package’: SD-PAMs, implemented through
technology, enabled by finance, in balance with adaptation
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THANK YOU
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