Transcript Major Area of Work on Climate

Western Balkans
Climate Resilience Workshop
Vienna, Austria,
May 11-12 2016
European commission/Flickr
Dr. Reuben Sessa,
Climate Change and Energy Coordinator for Europe & Central Asia
FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia
Outline
 Why CSA established?
 Climate smart agriculture (CSA) approach
 Examples from Central Asia and Western Balkans
 Next steps in the region
Why CSA? Global Trends
• Population
growth
• Change in diets
• Unsustainable
use natural
resources
• Environmental
degradation
Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations
Secretariat (2007)
Why CSA? Climate change impacts
• Short run
• Long run
• Climate change creates new risks & challenges and
exacerbates existing vulnerabilities
Why CSA? Uncoordinated responses
• Lack of coordination of responses between sectors
• Separation of adaptation and mitigation in UNFCCC
• Lack of understanding of the role of agriculture in food security
• Need to link CCA/CCM and DRR work to greater body of
agricultural and rural development
• Capture synergies
Climate Smart Agriculture
6
A global approach with
locally appropriate actions
• CSA is not an agricultural
practice or system per se
• CSA is location-specific
• CSA applies across scales
• CSA is cross-sectoral
Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA)
CC
Mitigation
CC
Adaptation
Synergies
AG productivity &
income increase
Same principles
EBA, Save and Grow, SLM, agroecology principles, including:
• Recycling of biomass and optimizing nutrient management
• Ecosystem services: enhancing beneficial biological interactions and
synergisms
• Species and genetic
diversification;
Environment
targets
Sustainable
targets
Social
targets
Concept evolution
• 2010: CSA was introduced as a concept by FAO at the
Global Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and
Climate Change in the Hague.
• 2012: CSA Landscapes,
Country implementation,
Green Economy
•
2010-2014: Widespread interest in and uptake of
the concept, both among partner organizations
and countries. www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3325e/i3325e.pdf
CSA Sourcebook
structure and target
audience
Section A
1. Concept and scope
TARGET
AUDIENCE
2. Landscape approach
PLANNERS
Section B
3. Farming practices
4. Farming systems
5. Food chains
PRATICTIONERS
Section C
6. Institutions 7. Policy
8. Finance
9. DRR
10. Safety
nets
11. Capacity
development
12.
Assessment
POLICY
MAKERS
Identifying suitable on farm and
agricultural options
• Intensification of production
• Sustainable & efficient use of
resources
• Climate smart agriculture
practices
Landscape & ecosystem level
• Integrated landscape approach: synergies for AG production
through coordinated actions at farm, ecosystem & landscape scales.
Scherr et al. 2012
CSA – across sectors &
along value chains
Reducing food losses and waste challenge and opportunity
Consumption
Distribution
Processing
Post-harvest
Primary production
Enabling environment
Local and
national
Policy alignment
Legislation
Incentives/taxation
Financial flows
Coordination
16
Farmer
Access to services
Access to knowledge
Access to Markets
Safety nets
Economics and Policy
Innovations for Climate-Smart
Agriculture
The Building
Blocks of CSA
logical chain
Identify
barriers and
enabling
factors
Assessing
the
situation
Managing
Climate
Risk
Defining
coherent
policies
Guiding
Investments
Setting household baselines
• Household surveys in the pilot areas;
• Gender disaggregated;
• Family structure, economics, pruductivity, education, food security,
energy, short and long term strategies, etc.
Linking CC finance to overcome agriculture
investment barriers
• Participatory scenario
building
• Build investment
proposals
• Measure Adaptation
Mitigation co –
benefits
• GEF 6 proposals for
CC Land Degradation
Making the CSA vision a reality
23-24 September 2014:
• Launch of the Global
Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (GACSA)
• Voluntary membership
• Multi-stakeholder partnership
• 3 action groups
Initial target
countries:
ETHIOPIA
ZAMBIA
NIGER
REU region
• Macedonia
• Central Asia: Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
• Turkey
• Ukraine
• Georgia and Azerbaijan
CSA Central Asia initiative
FAO’s CSA work - Central Asia
• Challenges productivity/income, CC,
DRR, Energy
• CACILM-II project (GEF US$65M)
• FAO’s Economics and Policy
Innovations for CSA (EPIC) programme
• CSA Kyrgyzstan programme (GCF)
• CSA Umbrella Programme for central
Asia. Central Asia CSA workshop to be
held in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan on 12-14
July 2016
Liquorice - Glycyrrhiza glabra
Leguminosae: nitrogen fixing
Salt tolerant
Low water requirements
High protein fodder
High value export commodity
Salinity reduced and water content imp.
3-5 years before cropping
Climate resilience project, Turkey –
ecosystems example
Location: Konya province, Turkey
Objective:
• To increase resilience of societies and steppe ecosystems to
CC impacts via Ecosystem Based Adaptation; EC/GEF/Turkey
Components:
1) Vulnerability assessment of ecosystems & AG system;
2) Institutional strengthening of capacities to plan, implement and
monitor CSA;
3) CSA integration into local policies & strategies
Western Balkans
Transitioning
from emergency
response to
preparedness
and natural
hazard reduction
In particular
floods and
drought
Albania, BH,
Macedonia,
Montenegro,
Serbia
PDNA
Post Disaster Needs
Assessment
Harmonization to
EU/UN/WB standards
Integration of AG into
PDNA responses
Develop the needed
training and capacity
building (including
manuals etc.)
App
Strengthening
local
DRRM/CCA
planning &
training on
good
practices for
DRR.
Services:
Soil and water
management
Agromet
systems
DRR and CCA
AG interventions for reduction of
natural hazards
Incentive schemes to
farmers to manage
their land to reduce
natural hazards.
UK EU farm grants
Whole river catchments
Benefit wildlife, slow the
flow of water and
improve water quality
underpinned by
scientific evidence
Good practices for DRR in AG
Criteria used for identification of GPs, e.g.:
• Extent of impact reduction;
• Suitability to agro-ecological conditions;
• Productivity & profitability enhancement;
• Up front investments needs;
• Socio-economic & environment impacts;
• GHG emissions reduction;
• Knowledge & trainings needs.
Youth: Green Jobs = Green Growth
What is needed?
• Youth view AG as potential for income
generation – willing to invest;
•
Access to land, in particular for young
female farmers;
•
Access to micro-credit loans, designed for
youth;
•
Training in both life skills & work skills;
•
Develop culture of entrepreneurship,
business skills, mentoring;
•
Promote a positive enabling environment
for youth employment;
Youth: non-formal education
Youth: formal
Youth: behavior change
Next steps in the region
• Continue to provide climatic services to member countries
• Further test, validate and replicate DRR/climate smart
practices that aim to reduce impact of e.g. droughts, floods,
salinity;
• Investment in filling data and knowledge gaps, in particular to
tailor climate services to farmer’s needs;
• Promoting enabling policy & institutional environment.
• Development of national and regional CSA programme in
Central Asia, including FAO’s EPIC application;
• “ Flagship” country for CSA approach
GACSA Annual Forum
FAO Agroecology meeting
• November 2016
• Budapest
• Europe and
Central Asia
Thank you!
For more information, please visit:
www.fao.org/climatechange
and
www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture
and
www.fao.org/gacsa