Transcript Module 3 - CareClimateChange

Integrating climate change adaptation in
disaster risk reduction
Module 3
Introduction to disaster risk reduction
Welcome to e-Learning on integrating climate change
adaptation in disaster risk reduction!
This module is part of an e-Learning package on integrating climate change adaptation in
disaster risk reduction.
The package includes five modules:
1. Concepts in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation
2. Understanding vulnerability
3. Introduction to disaster risk reduction
4. Introduction to climate change adaptation
5. Guiding principles for integrating adaptation in disaster risk reduction
We recommend that you work through the modules in the specified order.
To access the other e-Learning modules, please visit the:
e-Learning Center - Integrating climate change adaptation in disaster risk reduction
NOTE: You will need a user name and password to access the e-Learning Center.
If you do not have an account, please contact: [email protected]
Who are the e-Learning modules for?
How were they developed?
The e-Learning modules are designed for disaster risk reduction (DRR) practitioners. This
includes practitioners within CARE, as well as our civil society and government partner
organizations.
They were developed by Raks Thai Foundation and CARE, with significant inputs from CARE
experts on climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction, and most importantly from
practitioners engaged in DRR initiatives in Country Offices across the Asia Pacific Region, as
well as in Raks Thai Foundation.
Practitioner perspectives were gathered through two workshops. An initial workshop was
conducted to develop the overall framework and brainstorm on key content. In the second
workshop, the draft modules were tested and feedback was gathered. The current version
reflects inputs from both workshops.
The modules reflect CARE’s current thinking on integrating adaptation in DRR initiatives. They
should be considered as working versions. Our approach will be tested and refined as we
develop more experience in this area.
Please send any feedback on these modules to Bruce Ravesloot:
[email protected]
You can move through the module at your own pace.
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
We estimate that this module will take you approximately 1
hour to complete.
However, everyone learns at a different speed, so you should
feel comfortable moving at your own pace.
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
The map on the right helps you to track your progress through
the module. Where you are will be highlighted in orange.
Implementation
We recommend that you go through the module in sequence,
however you will have the option of jumping forwards or
backwards by clicking on the map.
Evaluation
Project example
Knowledge
Review
At any point, you can go back to
the previous slide by clicking the
back arrow.
Use the forward arrow to move
through the module.
Throughout the module, you’ll find links to
key definitions.
This e-Learning module is designed to be as clear and user-friendly as possible. So,
as we introduce different concepts, we’ll use simple language and examples to
promote understanding.
However, we will also provide links to ‘official’ definitions for those who prefer this
approach.
Any time you see underlined text in the module, you can click to access the official
definition.
Are you ready?
Then let’s get started!
Module 3
Introduction to disaster risk reduction
Modules 1 and 2 focused on building understanding of
important concepts for disaster risk reduction.
To review from Modules 1 and 2:
• Climate change makes disaster risk reduction even more
important.
• With the exception of geophysical hazards, climate change
affects all types of natural hazards.
• Vulnerability to climate change and disasters:
• Depends on exposure to hazards.
• Is determined by human, social, physical, natural,
political and financial factors.
• Varies within communities and even within households.
• More capacity means less vulnerability.
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Project example
Knowledge
Review
Let’s start by reminding ourselves what we mean
by disaster risk reduction.
Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is an approach to reduce
disaster risks caused by hazard events. It refers to the
practical actions that society, communities or other
stakeholders take to reduce the risk of disasters.
DRR aims to reduce exposure to hazard events, to reduce
vulnerability, and to improve preparedness.
Ideally, DRR actions take place within the framework of a
disaster risk management (DRM) policy, strategy or plan.
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Project example
Because climate change increases the frequency,
severity and intensity of climate-related hazards, it
provides a strong imperative for DRR actions.
Knowledge
Review
Why is DRR important in the communities we work in?
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
As discussed in Module 1, hazard events can have a wide range
of negative effects, including:
Injury, illness or loss of life
Destruction of property or assets
Interruption in services
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
Implementation
Harm to or loss of livelihoods
Evaluation
Damage to ecosystems
Psycho-social impacts
A hazard event can set back or completely reverse
development progress that has been made.
In almost every disaster situation, it is the poorest and
most vulnerable people who suffer most.
Project example
Knowledge
Review
DRR includes disaster prevention,
mitigation and preparedness.
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
Prevention: Actions that avoid the adverse impacts of hazards
Example: avoidance of areas at risk of
hazard event
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
Mitigation: Actions that reduce the direct impact of a hazard
Example: improving drainage systems for
rainwater
Implementation
Evaluation
Preparedness: Actions that enhance capacity to respond to a
disaster event that has occurred
Example: establishment of community
disaster response teams, prepositioning
emergency response materials
Project example
Knowledge
Review
Let’s look at a typical project cycle
for a disaster risk reduction initiative.
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
Evaluation
Assessment/
analysis
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Implementation
Execution of
activities and
monitoring
Participatory
action planning
Click on the orange boxes for a brief description
of each stage.
Project example
Knowledge
Review
Engaging stakeholders throughout the process
is an important success factor for DRR.
Key stakeholders that need to be involved in DRR initiatives
include:

Community members, including representatives of
vulnerable groups

Authorities at all levels

Civil society organizations

Technical specialists

Private sector

Research institutes

Media
These stakeholders must be involved in all stages of the
project cycle.
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Project example
Knowledge
Review
There are a few things to keep in mind in the
assessment/analysis phase.
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
During disaster risk assessment/analysis, it is important to:
 Use complementary assessment approaches to look at
different aspects of disaster risks
 Incorporate participatory approaches
 Use methods that allow triangulation of data
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
Implementation
 Adapt methods to social/cultural customs
 Use methods that are sensitive to gender and power
dynamics
 Ensure that the most vulnerable groups are
represented in the process
 Be flexible in your approach
Evaluation
Project example
Knowledge
Review
Based on the results of the assessment/analysis stage,
we can decide which DRR approach to take.
There are three main approaches to disaster risk reduction:
 If disaster risks are high, the objective of the action is
specifically to reduce disaster risk/increase resilience.
 If disaster risks are medium, objectives are linked to
other domains, but activities/results are made more
resilient.
 If disaster risks are low, no reference is made to
disaster risk/resilience (though disaster risks should be
systematically monitored).
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Project example
Knowledge
Review
Based on the results of the assessment/analysis stage,
we can decide which DRR approach to take.
These different approaches to DRR are shown in the graphic
below.
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Project example
Knowledge
Review
For the remainder of the e-Learning process, we will be
assuming that we are pursuing the first option,
where explicit DRR activities are being implemented.
In planning an explicit DRR initiative,
there are several things to take into consideration
when deciding on activities.
Considerations for planning explicit DRR activities include:
 Priorities identified in DRM policies, strategies or plans
of relevant authorities
 Different hazards the communities are dealing with and
their relative impacts on lives and livelihoods
 Feasibility, cost-effectiveness and sustainability of
different DRR actions
 Availability of necessary technical expertise to
implement the action
 Potential for negative unintended effects
 Ensuring actions benefit the most vulnerable and
address the underlying causes of vulnerability
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Project example
Knowledge
Review
Based on the assessment, and taking the above factors into
consideration, you may identify a number of
different types of DRR activities.
For example, to reduce the risk of disaster caused by
flooding, activities could include:
 Early warning systems
 Raising embankments
 Improving drainage
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
Implementation
 Raising wells
 Swimming lessons
 Providing boats
 Providing safe shelters
Evaluation
Project example
Knowledge
Review
Along with actions that explicitly address disaster risks,
you may also identify activities that achieve other objectives
in addition to reducing disaster risks.
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
Some examples of these types of activities could include:
 Sustainable ecosystem management
 Diversifying and/or strengthening livelihoods
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
 Strengthening community organization
 Strengthening institutional capacity
 Building schools that double as shelters for floods or
cyclones
Implementation
Evaluation
Project example
REFLECTION
Consider your own DRR projects.
Do they incorporate these types of “dual purpose”
activities?
Knowledge
Review
Once you have identified and prioritized activities,
you can move into implementation.
This stage involves execution of activities and monitoring.
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
There are a couple of key things to keep in mind during
the implementation of DRR projects:
Assessment/
analysis
 Develop activities that meet the project
objectives.
Participatory
action planning
 Adopt a flexible approach so that you can adjust
according to changes in context.
Implementation
This will help to ensure that your DRR initiative is both
effective and sustainable.
Monitoring is a key tool for achieving this.
Evaluation
Project example
Knowledge
Review
Monitoring in DRR initiatives involves two key aspects.
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
Monitoring of hazards, for example:
 Monitoring environmental changes

This monitoring can be linked to early warning
systems
Monitoring of vulnerability, for example:
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
Implementation
 Households in unsafe locations
Evaluation
 Adherence to building codes
 Functioning of local risk management groups
 Poverty levels
Project example
Knowledge
Review
Evaluation in DRR initiatives looks at two important
dimensions.
 Evaluation in DRR initiatives evaluates both the
process and the results
 Results are evaluated in terms of:
-
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Coverage
Relevance to local needs and priorities
Appropriateness to context
Alignment with policies
Any unintended impacts
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Project example
Knowledge
Review
Let’s look at an example of a DRR project.
In Krabi province in southern Thailand, Raks Thai Foundation is working
with six coastal communities to facilitate planning for disaster risk
management and the implementation of targeted DRR activities on a pilot
basis.
The planning will use a community-based disaster risk management
(CBDRM) approach, working with local leaders, resource persons and
community members.
The project will act as a
“learning lab” for communitybased disaster risk
management, with explicit
integration of adaptation to
climate change. It will provide
learning, guidance and
experiences that will be useful
to DRM practitioners
throughout the region.
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Project example
Knowledge
Review
The CBDRM approach adopted by the project
involves ten key steps.
The ten steps in the CBDRM process are:
1. An initiating the process from policy coordination to selection
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
Assessment/
analysis
2. Information development
3. Community awareness raising
4. Coordination of local implementing partners
Participatory
action planning
Implementation
5. Establishment of volunteers and working group on CBDRM
6. Development of CBDRM plan
Evaluation
7. Administration and implementation of CBDRM plan
8. Monitoring and evaluation
9. Strengthening learning processes
10. Linking to sustainable community development
Project example
Knowledge
Review
The core of the process is the development
of the CBDRM plans.
The project has formed working groups of trained local leaders, and
resource persons. These working groups are collaborating with
participating coastal communities to establish CBDRM committees and
facilitate the development of CBDRM plans. These plans will be linked to
CBDRM plans and early warning systems at both sub-district and
provincial levels.
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
Implementation
The CBDRM plans are
currently under development.
They address disaster
response, preparedness,
disaster risk reduction and
rehabilitation.
Evaluation
Project example
Knowledge
Review
The communities have identified a range of activities within
their CBDRM plans.
Activities in the CBDRM plans developed to
date include:
• Mangrove and beach forest resource
management
• Fishery resource restoration
• Study and pilot activities on solutions for
controlling coastal erosion, such as
bamboo walls and beach forest tree
plantation
• Establishing evacuation routes and safe
evacuation areas
• Establishing boat parking areas in canals
for use during monsoon season
• Establishment of early warning systems
• Capacity building for local stakeholders
on DRR and adaptation
• Establishing community DRR funds
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Project example
Knowledge
Review
Let’s review the key learning points for this module.
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
•
DRR aims to reduce exposure to hazard events, to reduce
vulnerability, and to improve preparedness.
•
The project cycle for DRR consists of four key stages:
assessment/analysis; participatory action planning;
implementation (execution of activities and monitoring);
and evaluation.
•
Engaging stakeholders is very important throughout the
project cycle.
•
Explicit DRR actions specifically aim to reduce disaster
risk/increase resilience.
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Project example
Knowledge
Review
Ready to review your knowledge?
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
In this module, we’ve introduced the basics of disaster risk
reduction.
Assessment/
analysis
Next, you’ll have a chance to review your knowledge
before moving on to the next module.
Participatory
action planning
Ready?
Implementation
If you feel you’re ready for the knowledge review, click on
the forward arrow.
Evaluation
Not quite there yet?
Project example
If you’d like to go through any of the concepts again before
moving on to the knowledge review, click on the
appropriate box in the map.
Knowledge
Review
Knowledge Review
Question 1
Introduction
Which of the following is an example of a disaster
mitigation activity which could form part of a DRR
initiative?
DRR project
cycle
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
Establishing
community
disaster
response
teams
Improving
drainage
systems for
rainwater
Implementation
Avoidance of
areas at risk
Evaluation
Project example
Click on the appropriate box to indicate your answer.
Knowledge
Review
Knowledge Review
Question 2
Introduction
DRR project
cycle
At what stage of the project cycle for a targeted DRR
project do we begin to engage stakeholders?
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action planning
Assessment/
analysis
Participatory
action
planning
Execution of
project
activities
Implementation
Evaluation
Project example
Click on the appropriate box to indicate your answer.
Knowledge
Review
Congratulations! You’ve completed Module 3.
We hope that you have found this to be a useful learning
experience.
To access the other e-Learning modules, please visit the:
e-Learning Center - Integrating climate change adaptation
in disaster risk reduction
NOTE: You will need a user name and password to access the eLearning Center.
If you do not have an account, please contact:
[email protected]
Thank you for your participation!
You can exit the module by pressing the Esc key.