Transcript The assessment of Romania`s progress towards

Institute for Studies and Power Engineering
6th International Scientific Conference on
Energy and Climate Change
Policy portfolios for emerging economies
9 – 10 – 11, October 2013
Athens, Greece
Organized by:
Energy Policy and Development Centre (KEPA)
Coordinator of P R O M I T H E A S - The Energy and Climate Change
Policy Network
Institute for Studies and Power Engineering
“The assessment of Romania’s progress
towards 2020 greenhouse gases targets
taking into account climate change
mitigation and energy policy objectives”
Ph. D. Anca POPESCU
Institute for Studies and Power Engineering - ISPE
Content
Introduction
Evolution of GHG emissions
Energy sector strategies
GHG forecasting methodology for energy
sector
Conclusions
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013
 Romania signed the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change in 1992, and ratified it in
1994;
 Romania signed the Kyoto Protocol in 1999 and ratified it
in January 2001 being the first Annex I Party that ratified
it;
 Romania committed itself to reduce the greenhouse
gases emissions by 8% comparing to 1989 level in the
period 2008 – 2012 and met this commitment.
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013
The evolution of the total GHG emissions for the
period 1989 – 2011
Source: Ministry of Environment and Climate Change – National Inventory Report, May 2013
The evolution of the total GHG emissions reflects the main trends in the
economic development of the country.
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013
The period 1989 – 2012 was characterized by:
− a process of transition to a market economy;
− restructuring of economy;
− putting into operation of the first reactor at the
Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant in 1996 and of the
second reactor in 2007;
− the revitalization of the economy in the period 2000 –
2007;
− the economic crisis in the period 2008 – 2011;
− the increase of economic activities level after 2012;
− the decrease of the greenhouse gases emissions by 8%
comparing to 1989 level in the period 2008 - 2012.
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013
GHG by main categories – average share
for the period 1989 - 2011
The largest contributor to the total national of GHG emissions is
CO2, followed by CH4 and N2O.
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013
Sectorial GHG emissions in 2011 [%]
Source: Ministry of Environment and Climate Change – National Inventory Report, May 2013
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013
 The Romanian Government adopted in July 2013 through
Government Decision 529/2013 the second National Strategy
on Climate Change (NSCC) 2013 – 2020.
 The general objective of the strategy focused on measures
taken by Romania in order to transpose the EU requirements
of the “Energy – Climate Change” Package.
 The Romanian Government established the strategic scope
for the energy sector to meet both the current and the medium
and long term energy demand, for the lowest possible price,
adequate to a modern market economy and to a civilized
living standard, under quality and safety conditions, in
observance of the sustainable development principles.
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013
Romanian Energy Strategy has the following objectives:
 Energy security, by:
- lower dependence of imported energy through the use of national resources
of lignite and hard coal, hydropower and wind power;
- import diversification of resources through the use of both nuclear fuel and
natural gas;
 Sustainable development through:
- energy efficiency through the use of modern technologies in the years 2015;
- promotion of electricity in hydroelectric and wind power;
- promoting the production of electricity and heat in cogeneration plants using
high-efficiency technologies for natural gas;
- rehabilitation of transmission and distribution system correlated to
rehabilitation of buildings to reduce energy losses and the development of
new intelligent buildings;
 Competitiveness:
- development of markets for electricity, natural gas, uranium, green
certificates, certification of greenhouse gas emissions.
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013
Romania transposed the following EU Directives in its legislation,
with implications on the national primary energy consumption,
respectively:
− Directive 2006/32/EC on energy end-use efficiency and energy services;
− Directive 2005/32/EC establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-using products;
− Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from
renewable sources;
− Directive 2004/8/EC on the promotion of cogeneration based on a useful
heat demand in the internal energy market.
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013
The main measures ensuring the increase of energy efficiency
are:
− Applying the state aid scheme afferent to high efficiency
cogeneration;
− Continuing the “Heating 2006 - 2015 heat and comfort” program;
− The compulsory nature of the energy performance certificate for
current single family housing and apartments in building blocks that
are sold or leased;
− The heating upgrade of blocks of flats;
− The compulsion to enforce the provisions of the European efficiency
directives and standards for new buildings;
− The efficiency of lighting systems, the use of low energy lamps.
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013
The second National Plan on Energy Efficiency for the 2011 - 2020
represents an update of the Energy Strategy for the period 2007 – 2020.
The primary energy saving measures on the generation of electricity and
heating are as follows:
− Withdrawing from service the generating units whose lifespan has been
exceeded and which have become obsolete and the replacement thereof with
modern units with superior efficiencies;
− Re-engineering 330 MW units operating in lignite-fired power plants;
− Promoting high efficiency cogeneration; gas turbines with a heat recovery
boiler (GT+HRB) and a combined cycle with gas turbines (CC+GT) of
approximately 1000 MW and 600 MW biomass-fired units shall be installed;
− Continuing the upgrade works of district heating supply systems, respectively
the units generating heat fluid, the primary heat fluid (hot water) transmission
grid, the heating stations and heating modules, the hot water and heat fluid
distribution network;
− Generating electricity from renewable energy sources.
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013
National Renewable Energy Action Plan indicates the installed powers
per types of technologies from renewable energy sources, resulting the
energies generated, indicated in table bellow:
[GWh]
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Total generated electricity,
22,358 25,923 25,473 28,845 29,577 30,225 30,866 31,388
of which:
Hydropower plants 17,624 18,191 18,679 18,904 19,063 19,491 19,491 19,768
Photovoltaic power stations
Wind power plants
Biomass-fired power plants
100
140
180
220
246
271
271
320
4,634
5,952
6,614
7,271
7,668
8230
8,230
8,400
1,200
1,640
2,050
2,450
2,600
2,850
2,850
2,900
In 2020 electricity production from renewable energy sources will
represent 38% of total electricity production in Romania.
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013
GHG emissions forecast methodology - 1
 The GHG forecasts for the energy sector were established
considering the energy demand subsector (industry, transport,
agriculture, household and commercial consumption) and the
supplying sub-sector (primary energy resources extraction, their
conversion in refineries, thermo-electric power plants, thermal power
plants, transport and distribution of energetic products to consumers).
 The projections are based on calculations carried out using the
ENPEP (Energy and Power Evaluation Program) programs package,
developed by Argonne National laboratory of US Department of
Energy (DOE) and distributed to Romania by the International Atomic
Energy Agency (IAEA) to perform an integrated energy analysis,
economic and environmental.
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013
GHG emissions forecast methodology - 2
The software package presents 9 modules. The main modules used in
the study are:
•
•
•
•
MAED is a simulation model designed for evaluate medium and long-term
demand for energy (motor fuel, fossil fuel, district heating, electricity, coke,
feedstock) based on the macroeconomic indicators evolution;
ELECTRIC - determines the electricity power plants development programme
considering the Romanian Government’s adopted policies on renewable
energy resources use, on ensuring the energy security, on technological
evolution and on international market fuel prices;
BALANCE module – determines the balance between energy demand –
supply the entire system, including all the demand sectors and the supply
sectors (oil, gas, coal, electricity, renewable, etc.) for every year of the study;
IMPACTS – estimates, for the energetic system determined using the
BALANCE module and for the electro-energetic system determined using the
ELECTRIC module, the impact on atmosphere, water, soil, the impact of the
specific waste, the impact on materials and labour needed for the installations
construction and exploitation, the impact on related employees risk and
health.
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013
The national energy balance
In order to allow the use of the modules package, a national energy
balance has been prepared considering the available or imported
primary energy resources.
Simplified energy balance has four major elements:
 primary energy resources;
 primary energy resources conversion technologies;
 transmission and distribution of energy products;
 energy consumers
Each sector is modelled in detail considering the technological processes
and emission factors according to IPCC. Given this breakdown with the
IMPACTS module the resulted GHG emissions are determined.
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013
Romania’s Energy Balance
Residential
sector
Pulp and
paper
Services
sector
Construction
Transport
sector
Food
products
industry
Agriculture
sector
Metallurgical
industry
Chemical
industry
Machinery
and
equipment
Cement
industry
Construction
materials
Other
industries
Electricity transmission and distribution, oil products and other fuels/ resources
Electricity and heat production
sectors
Oil and gas supply
Other oil products supply
Other resources supply
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013
The projected level of the total CO2 emissions
from the energy sector in the analyzed scenarios
in the period 2012 - 2020
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013
 The European Parliament and Council adopted in April 2009 Decision
406/2009/EC on the effort of Member States to reduce GHG emissions
in order to meet the Community's commitments to reduce GHG
emissions by 2020.
 This decision aimed to establish the minimum contribution of Member
States to respect the Community's commitments to reduce GHG
emissions in the period 2013 - 2020.
 Taking into consideration that amount of verified emissions under the
EU ETS from 2007 were 69,604.599 Gg CO2eq. in Romania resulted
that GHG emissions related to non – ETS sectors will be 77,200 Gg
CO2 eq. in the scenario with adopted measures.
 It may be noted that Romania complies with the requirements of
Decision 406/2009/EC as GHG emissions projected for 2020 for the
non – ETS sectors are smaller than would be required target of
85,627.510 Gg CO2 eq.
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013
Conclusions - 1
 All development strategies, policies and measures have
been developed and implemented in accordance with
EU documents ensuring harmonization of policies, plans
and programs in accordance with the requirements of
EU integration.
 As a result of transposing EU legislation into national
legislation, Romania has introduced and implemented
policies and measures in all economic sectors which will
contribute indirectly to reducing GHG emissions.
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013
Conclusions - 2
Some example of the policies and measures effects:
No
Policy/Measure
1
Estimated effect of the policy
and measures on GHG
emissions (kt CO2 equivalent) in
2020
GD 1069/2007 Romania’s Energy Strategy for 2007 – 2020
8,336.868
2
National Renewable Energy Action Plan
3
GD 22/2008 transposition of Directive 2006/32/EC on
energy end-use efficiency and energy services
691.760
4
GD 780/2006 establishing the greenhouse gas emission
allowance trading scheme, amended by GD 133/2010, GD
399/2010, GD 1300/2010 and the subsequent legislation
2,000.000
5
The second National Plan on Energy Efficiency for 20112020
955.660
4,766.726
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013
Ph. D. Anca POPESCU
INSTITUTE FOR STUDIES AND POWER
ENGINEERING (ISPE)
1-3 Lacul Tei Blvd., Bucharest
Telephone: 021 206.1089
E-mail: [email protected]
Fax: 021 210.12.55
www.ispe.ro
Thank you for your
attention!
6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change, Athens - October 10, 2013