Transcript Chapter 19 Female Reproductive system

Chapter 19
Female Reproductive system
1. Components
---ovary:
produce ovum
secrete female sex hormones
---oviduct:
duct for fertilized ovum(zygote) passing
through
place where fertilization takes place
---uterus: organ where the fetus grow up
---vagina
2. Ovary
---ovoid, 4X2X1 cm
---located on either sides of uterus in
pelvic cavity
1) General structure:
---capsule:
/superficial epithelium:
a layer of squamous or cuboidal cell
/tunica albuginea: DCT
---cortex:
/different stage of follicles
/matrix(stroma): cell-rich, dense CT
---medulla: LCT with BV, LV
---hilum: SM and hilus cell
2)Different phases
---childhood: before development- all follicle are
primordial follicle(700,000-2,000,000)
---puberty: the ability for reproduce begin to
develop(40,000 primordial follicle)
---sexual maturity: (400-500 are released)
different stage of follicles can be seen
have a cyclic change-menstrual cycle
---climacteric: the ability of reproduce decrease
---senescence: all follicle disappear, replaced by
CT
3) Development and maturation of follicle
---sexual maturity, non-pregnant stage
---follicle = oocyte + follicular cell
① primordial follicle
---oocyte: primary oocyte
/30um in D
/large, vesicular nucleus
/slight eosinophilic cytoplasm
---follicular cell: a layer of flattened cell
* before birth, oogonia come from yolk
sac, enter ovarian cortex, developed
into primary oocyte, then primary oocyte
begin the first meiosis, but rest at
prophase of division
*growing follicle:
② primary follicle: primordial follicle begin to
grow
---oocyte:
LM: become large
EM: rich in organelles
---follicular cell: become a layer of cuboidal or
more layers
---zona pellucide:
/a layer of homogeneous structure-glycoprotein
/eosinophilic in HE stain
③ secondary follicle: small
space appear
---primary
oocyte:
continuous to develop
and reach largest D(125150um)
---follicular cell: more layers
---follicular cavity: space
between follicular cells
(6-12 layers)
/small space→large cavity
(filled with follicular fluid)
---cumulus oophorus: follicular fluid increase to
force the oocyte and some follicular cells move
to one side to form a hillock-liked structure
---corona radiate: follicular cell near oocyte
arranged radiately
---stratum granulosum: follicular cell which
constitute the wall of follicle
---theca folliculi: derived form surrounding stroma
cell which proliferate and differentiate
theca interna: rich in cells( theca cell)
-spindle-shaped, polyhedral
-steroid-hormone cell’s feature: oestrogen
theca externa: CT, fiber
④ mature follicle: (2 cm in D)
---a follicle require about 10-14 days to reach a
mature stage
---follicular fluid: increase
/follicular cavity: enlarge
/stratum granulosum: thinner
---small space appear between the cell of corona
radiate
---The first meiosis division is completed, primary
oocyte divides into secondary oocyte and first
polar body(will disappear), then secondary
oocyte begin the second meiosis and rest at
middle stage of division
2)Ovulation
---definition: the process by which secondary
oocyte, zona pellucide, corona radiate and
follicular fluid are released into the pelvic
cavity, then captured by oviduct fimbriated
funnel
---processes: follicle projects from surface of
ovaries→the area lack of blood →follicular
stigma→tissue
is
dissolved
by
proteiolytase and collegenase, SM
contract→follicle
rupture→force
the
cumulus oophorus go out of the follicle
---time: fourteenth day of menstruation
---ovum maintain the capacity for fertilization
for 24 hours
3) formation of corpus luteum
---definition: after ovulation, the ruptured
follicle collapse, CT and blood vessel
enter the follicle to form a yellowcolored, gland-liked structure
---components and functions:
granulose lutein cell:
-come from stratum granulosum cell
-LM: large, pale weakly eosinophilic, and
centrally distributed
-EM: steroid-hormone secreting cell’s feature
-function: secrete progesterone
*steroid-hormone
secreting cell:
EM: rich in
/mitochondria with
tubulovesicular cristea,
/SER
/lipid droplet
theca lutein cell:
-come from theca interna
-LM: small, deep stained, and peripherally
distributed
-EM: steroid-hormone secreting cell’s
feature
-function: secrete oestrogen
---development:
corpus luteum of menstruation:
-not fertilized
-exist for 12-14 days, then become corpus
albicans
corpus luteum of pregnance:
-fertilized
-exist for 6 months, then become corpus
albicans
4) Atretic follicle and interstial gland
---atretic follicle: follicle degenerate and perish
---interstitial gland: during the degenerating
processes of secondary follicle, cells of theca
interna exist and active for a certain time to
form a gland, and produce oestrogen
3. Uterus or womb
---pear-shaped
---muscular organ
1) the structure of uterine wall
① perimetrium: serosa and
fibrosa
② myometrium:
---SM: increase in number
and size (from 30-50um ~
500-600um)
---CT
③ endometrium: mucosa
---epi.: simple columnar epi.
/ciliated cell
/secretory cell
---lamina propria:
/thick, CT(stroma of endometrium) contain RF,
LC, Ma, MC, PC
/stroma cell:
-spindle of fusiform-shaped
-produce collagen
---spiral artery: coiled
---uterine gland: single-tubed gland
* According to the function:
---basal layer:
/not shed
/proliferation and repairing
---functional layer:
/thick
/shed(cyclic change-menstruation)
2) menstrual cycle
---definition: under the regulation of
ovarian hormones, the cyclic change of
endometrium (functional layer)
① The proliferative phase (follicular phase)
5th-14th days of cycle
Proliferation and repairing
i. epi and gland repair
ii. stroma cell: synthesis fiber and stroma
iii. spiral A grow
iv. 2-4mm thick
Oestrogen
②The secretory phase
(luteal phase)
15th –28th days of cycle
i.
gland start to secrete
ii.
stroma
cells:→predecidual
cell:
synthesize glycogen and lipid droplet
iii. spiral A reach the superficial layer
iv. 5-7 mm thick
Oestrogen and progesterone
③ The menstrual phase
1st-4th days of cycle
i.
vasconstriction of spiral A→
necrosis
ii. vasodilation of spiral A→bleeding
and shedding(menstruation)
none