Transcript The Aftermath of Typhoon Ondoy (Ketsana) and Ecotown as a

Aftermath of Typhoon Ondoy (Ketsana):
Exploring Ecotown as a Strategy for
Enhancing Climate Resilience of Metro
Manila, Philippines
Victoria Espaldon, Lope Santos III, Alexis Lapiz,
Elmer Mercado, Steve Godilano, Allan dela Cruz,
Florencia Pulhin, Nic Briones, Emmanuel Lleva,
and Rey Alo
Outline of Presentation
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Introduction
Socioeconomic Impacts
Responses to Climate Extremes
Story of Ecotown in Upper Marikina River Basin
Protected Landscape
– Components, Process, and People Participation
– Selected Results of Vulnerability Assessment
– Prioritization of CCA options
• Road Map to Climate Resilience
Image source: http://philippinebelt.comcategory/business-investment
Profile of Typhoon Ondoy
Date: 25-27 September 2009
Highest wind speed:
167 km/h
Total fatality: Total 740
Damage in Pesos: 11 B
Some Socioeconomic Impacts
(IPC 2011, Comiso et al 2014, PIDS 2012)
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Livelihoods and socioeconomic
Social relations and cohesion
Displacement and resettlement
Health impacts
Livelihoods and socioeconomic
• Reduction in
income due to
loss of assets
and capital
caused by
disaster,
resorted to less
capital
intensive, less
stable and less
profitable
occupations
(Institute of Philippine Culture, 2011)
• Decline of profit among
small business
• Overseas income,
where available, infuse
lost assets and capitals
• Food or cash for work
• Conditional cash
transfer
• Credit or grants
(IPC, 2011)
Women, youth and children
Housing and relocation
Bayan ni Juan
Southville
Waters from the degraded watersheds
of Metro Manila
Some Responses to Typhoon Ondoy
• Insurance sector (Risk Transfer)
• Increased public funds allocation to education
and health Services
• Enhanced infrastructure design standards
• Climate sensitive and responsive governance
(Approval of the Climate Change Act of 2009,
DRRM, NCCAP)
The aftermath of Typhoon Ondoy:
ECOTOWN AS A STRATEGY TOWARDS
RESILIENCE OF METRO MANILA,
PHILIPPINES
What is an ecotown?
A planning unit composed of
municipalities or a group of
municipalities located within and in
the boundaries of critical key
biodiversity areas (forest,
coastal/marine and fishery, or
watersheds), highly vulnerable
to climate change risks due to its
geographic location, population and
poverty situation (NCCAP, 2014).
Major Findings
• The Upper Marikina River Basin Protected
Landscape or UMRBPL experienced rapid
transformation from forest cover to built up
areas; and open and grasslands from 20042012.
• 73% of the area is vulnerable to landslide,
erosion and drought (19%) and some areas to
both flooding and landslide.
•
Population growth is high (2.2%) being close to Metro Manila,
and at BAU annual growth rate, population can increase up to
4million by 2050.
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Differential poverty incidence across 5 municipalities, but
generally high, hence exposure and sensitivity is very high.
Criteria for Prioritization
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Urgency
No regrets option
Efficiency
Equity and social
acceptability
• Sustainability
• Replicability and
scalability
• Environmental impacts
• Timing
• Level of implementation
• Bottom up vs top down
A list of adaptation and mitigation measures were generated from
different consultations and later prioritized.
Investments for prioritized projects were finalized.
Summary of Process
1. Conduct of integrated vulnerability assessment;
2. Identification of specific vulnerabilities by specific geographic area;
3. Identification of key climate change adaptation measures based on
experts opinion, local government officials and key community
leaders;
4. Identification and prioritization of key criteria for selection of
priority measures;
5. Ranking of priority activities by local experts, key informants and
members of local communities using multiple criteria; and
6. Development of project profiles and Cost Benefit Analysis.
Strategic Development Framework
towards Climate Resilience and Green Growth
Mainstreaming
of CCA/DRRM
in CLUP ,Local
Development
Plan and AIP
Reforestation and rehabilitation of the watershed, growing
of suitable species for agro-forestry, cultivation of plant
varieties, and forest protection
Enforcement of environmental laws and regulations,
covering forest protection, land use conversion, clean air,
clean water and ecological solid waste management
Building the capacity of LGUs and communities
Enhancement of
UMRBPL PA
Strengthening information and knowledge management
Management
system
Plan
Climate proofing of physical infrastructure
Updating of
Provincial
Strengthening disaster preparedness of LGUs and
Physical
communities
Development
Mainstreaming gender concerns and establish additional
and Framework health facilities
Plan
Rationalizing human settlements management
Multistakeholders
Ensuring energy sufficiency and efficiency to lessen GHG
Participation
emission
through PAMB
Implementing integrated waste management
Sustainable
Livelihood and
Economic
Development
Clean energy
sources
Revived forest
and efficient
environmental
management
Regulated
built-up areas
Climate
Resilience
and Green
Growth in
UMRBPL
CONCLUSION
• The road towards climate resiliency for Metro Manila can
be achieved under 5 conditions: using watershed as basis
for overall planning, site specific vulnerabilities can be
determined; rational population management in place,
measures are prioritized to address vulnerabilities by local
communities with local government units well informed by
science and finally integrated into local policies, CLUPs
and Annual Investment Plan.
• The participatory process is tedious but it can be worth
local, national and international Investments. This story,
however, is unfolding and needing community based
monitoring of results of identified programs of action to
ensure meeting the set goals.
Selected References
• Institute of Philippine Culture. 2011. The Social Impacts of
Tropical Storm Ondoy and Typhoon Pepeng. Ateneo de
Maniala University. 80 p.
• Israel, Danilo C. and R.M. Briones. 2012. Impacts of Natural
Disaster on Agriculture, Food Security and Environment in
the Philippines. Philippine Institute for Development
Studies. 44 p.
• CCC, ADB, SEARCA and Ergons. 2015. Developing Ecotown
as a Strategy for Climate Change Adaptation and Green
Growth in the Upper Marikina River Basin Protected
Landscape. Technical Report.