Transcript CT_Lecture 1_TEPx

Clean Technology
(PB382)
Click to edit Master title style
Numfon Eaktasang, Ph.D.
[email protected]
[email protected]
Contents
Introduction to clean technology
Clean technology and Clean-up technology
Sustainability
Natural capital
Ecological footprint
Principle of clean technology
Clean Technology
Clean technology is any product or service that
improves operational performance, productivity,
or efficiency while reducing costs, inputs, energy
consumption, waste or environmental pollution.
Clean Technology
Includes recycling, renewable energy
Wind power, solar power, biomass, hydropower,
biofuels, etc.
Information technology, green transportation,
electric motors, green chemistry, lighting, and
many other appliances that are now more
energy efficient.
To generate with a smaller environmental
footprint and minimize pollution.
Clean Technology
Clean technology project can obtain financing
through the generation of carbon credits.
A project that is developed with concern for
climate change mitigation.
Such as a Kyoto Clean Development
mechanism project is also known as a carbon
project
Mass Balance
Air pollution
10%
Input
Output
Process
100%
70%
Wastewater Solid waste
10%
10%
Pollution
“Any additional to air, water, soil, or food that
threatens the health, survival, or activities of
humans or other living organisms.”
Point sources
 pollutants from single identifiable sources
Nonpoint sources
 pollutants from dispersed (difficult to identify)
sources
Causes of Environmental Problems
Exponential population growth
High consume of environmental resources
Human activity produce a lot of pollutions
100,000 synthetic chemicals in commercial use
1000 new compounds being introduced every
year
Contaminated into the environment: accidental
leakage during manufacture, transport or usage
Pesticide, toxic compounds, heavy metal, etc.
Environmental Impacts from Human Activity
Process
Impact
Industrial and urban development
Elimination of natural and semi-natural
habitats
Energy production
Particulate material
Oxides of sulphur
Oxide of nitrogen
Carbon gases
Partially combusted hydrocarbons
Heavy metals
Farming
Soil erosion
Eutrophication (nitrates, phosphate)
Pesticide pollution biomagnification
(e.g. persistent compounds)
Industrial production
Organic and inorganic effluents (e.g.
PCBs, sulphites and sulphates, heavy
metals)
Atmospheric Pollution
Source of Air Pollutants
Natural Sources
Man-Made Sources
- Mobile sources : car (exhaust)
- Stationary sources: Industry (stack),
fugitive emission
Atmospheric Transformation
Air Pollution Effects
Health effect: Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb)
Air Pollution Effects
Photochemical Smog (NO2)
Air Pollution Effects
Acid Rain (SO2)
2SO2 + O2
2SO3
SO3 + H2O
H2SO4
Air Pollution Effects
Air Pollution Effects
Particulate Matter (PM)
Air Pollution Effects
Air Pollution Effects
Global Warming
Air Pollution Effects
Climate Change
Rising sea levels
Drought
Ice melting
Flooding
Water Pollution
Water Pollution
Eutrophication
Water Pollution
Land Pollution
Soil Contamination
Contamination plume
Solutions to Pollution
Pollution Prevention
prevent pollutants from entering the environment
(Front-of-Pipe)
Pollution Cleanup
after pollutants released into environment
(End-of-Pipe)
Solutions to Pollution
Sustainability
“The ability of the earth’s various natural
systems and human cultural systems and
economies to survive and adapt to changing
environmental conditions indefinitely.“
Living sustainably means living off earth’s
natural income without depleting or degrading
the natural capital that supplies it.
Principle Key of Sustainability
Solar Energy
Chemical Cycling
Biodiversity
Solar Energy





Warms earth
Provides energy for plants to make food for other
organisms
Powers winds
Powers the hydrologic cycle – which includes
flowing water
Provides energy: wind and moving water can be
turned into electricity
Biodiversity
 Large variety of species
 Many ecosystems
• Deserts
• Forests
• Oceans
• Grasslands
Chemical Cycling
 Natural processes recycle nutrients
 Recycling is necessary because there is a
fixed supply of these nutrients on earth
 Nutrients cycle from living organisms to the
nonliving environment and back
 Chemical cycles are necessary to sustain life
Natural Capital
 Natural resources
 Natural services
Natural Resources
 Renewable
• Air, water, soil, plants
 Nonrenewable
• Minerals, oil, coal
Natural Services
Functions of nature
 Purification of air, water
 Nutrient cycling
• From the environment to organisms and
back to the environment
Ecological Footprint
 The amount of biologically productive land and water
needed to indefinitely supply the people in a given
area with renewable resources
 Also includes the land and water necessary to absorb
and recycle wastes and pollution
What is Your Footprint?
www.carbonmarket.tgo.or.th
Web-base Thai Carbon Footprint Calculator
What is Your Footprint?
What is Your Footprint?
Principle of Clean Technology
Source Reduction : Reduce
Reuse and Recycle
Principle of Clean Technology
Cleaner Technology
Before
After
Source Reduction
Process
Change
Product
Change
Raw Material
Change
Technology
Improvement
Reuse/Recycle
Reuse
Operational
Management
Recycle
Clean Technology Application
Before CT Application
Raw material
Water
Emission
Energy Loss
Process
Water
Energy
Energy
Solid Waste
Wastewater
Product
Disposal
Wastewater
treatment
Clean Technology Application
After CT Application
Raw material
Water
Emission
Process
Water
Energy
Product
By-product
Energy
Solid waste
Wastewater
Recycling/Disposal