Transcript Creating Flood Maps

Institute for Environmental Studies
Flood Maps in Europe
a comparative evaluation of methods,
availability and application
Hans de Moel and Jeroen Aerts
Key Sources
• Armonia (2005), Report on the European scenario of technoloigcal
and scientific standards reached in spatial planning versus natural
risk management, edited by S. Greiving, M. Fleischhauer and S.
Wanczura.
• Jelinek, R. and M. Wood (2007), Risk mapping of flood hazards in
new member states, EU Joint Research Centre, IPSC, NEDIES.
• CEA (2005), European property market shared experience: flood risk
maping and zoning, Comité Européen des Assurances, Paris.
• National reports on the status of disaster reduction prepared for the
2005 World Conference on Disaster Reduction, Kobe, Japan.
• Questionnaire from the EU (Civil Protection) on hazard/risk mapping
2003/2004.
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EU Flood Directive
• Rationale:
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Floods cause high damages
Climate change will affect occurrence of floods
Exposure will continue to increase
Should be managed at basin level
• Objective:
– To establish a framework for the assessment and
management of flood risks
• Actions:
– Preliminary flood risk assessment (2011)
– Creation of flood hazard and risk maps (2013)
– Flood risk management plans (2015)
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Flood Mapping
USA, 1968 (NFIP)
Canada, 1976 (FDRP)
Europe, late 1990s
• Huge damages increase in 1990s
• Triggered by large flooding events
Munich Re, 2005
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Flood Damages
Estimated flood damage
between 1980-2006
in million US dollars*
0
1000-5000
1-10
5000-10000
10-100
> 10.000
No Data
100-1000
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* Data acquired from the OFDA/CRE D International Disaster Database (www.em-dat.net)
Creating Flood Maps
• Who make flood maps?
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National Governments
Lower authorities (provinces, water boards)
(Re-)Insurance Companies
River Basin Authorities
Commercial consultancies
Research projects
Creating Flood Maps
• Different flood maps
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Occurrence of historic floods
Extend of historic floods
Dam break
Hazard
Risk
Source: Office of Public Works (OPW), Ireland
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Creating Flood Maps
• Different flood maps
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Occurrence of historic floods
Extend of historic floods
Dam break
Hazard
Risk
Dresden, 1845 flood (Elbe)
Source: Schumacher, 2005
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Creating Flood Maps
• Different flood maps
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Occurrence of historic floods
Extend of historic floods
Dam break
Hazard
Risk
Creating Flood Maps
• Different flood maps
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Occurrence of historic floods
Extend of historic floods
Dam break
Hazard
Risk
York 1/100 and 1/1000
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Source: UK Environment Agency Website
Creating Flood Maps
• Different flood maps
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Occurrence of historic floods
Extend of historic floods
Dam break
Hazard
Risk
Source: Hydrological Information Centre Flanders
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Creating Flood Maps
• Most maps produced are flood hazard maps
– Mostly display inundation zones based on return
periods
– Some display hazard zones based also on other
parameters (e.g. flow velocity)
• Few risk maps available
• One conceptual model  many different practices
– Data available
– Geograhical situation
– Question addressed
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Creating Flood Maps
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Creating Flood Maps
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Following Kron (2002)
Creating Flood Maps
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Source: Hydrological Information Centre Flanders
Availability Flood Maps
National flood maps created by government*
Dam break map
Map of historic events
Hazard zonation map
Risk map
No Data
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* F illing indicates the coverage of the respective maps. F ully colored means coverage
is national and hatches indicate that it differs per region or exists for selected waterways
Use Flood Maps - Governments
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Emergency Planning
Spatial planning
Awareness raising
Insurance
Facilitate further research
Use Flood Maps - Governments
Use of flood maps by national authorities
No legislation
Used for national insurance
Guidelines for spatial planning
Binding with regard to spatial planning
No data
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Use Flood Maps
Use of flood maps created by the Insurance industry
Not produced*
Insurability determination
Premium determination
Probability-Damage curves
No Data
* Information acquired from report by the Comité E uropéen des Assurances (2005)
“European Property Market shared experience: flood risk mapping and zoning”
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Summary
Overview
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Many flood maps already produced
Most are hazard maps, based on inundation
Wide variety of practices
Mostly used for emergency and spatial planning
EU Directive
• Most countries have a starting point
• Transition to risk often has yet to be made
– How to include exposure/vulnerability
– How to keep them comparable
• Hazard: dealing with flood defenses and include climate
change
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Happy to answer any
comments or questions
[email protected]
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