Transcript IGES-NIES-UNESCAP Policy Forum “Towards a

2009年国际设备工程监理合作论坛
International Forum on Plant Engineering Consulting
Cooperation 2009
Energy & Climate policies in China
中国能源与应对气候变化政策
Cui Cheng （崔成） Ph.D
Energy Research Institute, NDRC, China
19 June. 2009, Beijing
中国国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所博士
2009年6月19日 北京
Main Contents主要内容
• Key Challenges
--主要挑战
• Energy Efficiency Target & Policy
--能效目标与政策
• Clean Energy Target & Policy
--清洁能源目标与政策
• Climate Change Policy
--气候变化政策
• Future development
--未来发展
1, Key Challenges主要挑战
– Coal dominate energy resources;
以煤为主的能源结构
– Industrialization & urbanization process;
工业与城市化进程
– Energy security;
能源安全
– Friability ecosystem in main coal production area煤炭
产区脆弱的生态环境
– Air pollutions: SO2, NO2 etc；大气污染
– GHG emission control; 温室气体排放
1, Key Challenges主要挑战
• Total energy consumption amount from 1385.53 Mtce in
2000, increased to 2850Mtce in 2008;
--2000-2008年能源消费总量增长一倍以上
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Coal from 1320 MT increased to 2740 MT;
煤炭消费量增长一倍以上
Oil from 224.39 MT increased to 360 MT;
石油消费量增长近50%
NG from 24.5BM3 increased to 80.7 BM3
核能消费量增长超过三倍
• Total Electricity consumption amount from 1347.14TWh
in 2000, increased to 3433.4TWh in 2008;
-- 电力消费量增长近二倍
1, Key Challenges主要挑战
• Coal productions: 2716Mt in 2008, 7.65% increase
than 2007;
--2008年煤炭产量27.16亿吨
• Oil productions: 189.73 Mt in 2008, 3.7% increase
than 2007;
--原油产量1.8973亿吨
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Oil imports: 178.88 Mt, 9.6% increase;
原油进口1.7888亿吨
Oil production imports: 38.85 Mt, 15% increase;
成品油进口0.3885亿吨
Capacity Framework in 2008
2008年容量结构图
1.13%
1.15%
0.21%
21.64%
fire
hydro
nuclear
wind
others
75.87%
Energy Consumption Framework in 2007
2007年能耗结构图
6.50%
0.80%
3.50%
coal
19.70%
oil
NG
hydro
nuclear
69.50%
SO2 emissions trend二氧化硫排放趋势
Total SO2 emissions
30
25
20
15
Total SO2 emissions
10
5
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1, Key Challenges主要挑战
• Choice for China:
• 中国的选择
• Need co-benefits measures:
– Energy efficiency;
– Renewable energy;
– Nuclear power;
– FGD/SCR/CCS: last measures;
--需要具有多重效益的措施：提高能效、发展可再生
能源与核电
2,Energy Efficiency Target & Policy能效目标与
政策
• Set up national control targets in the 11th 5years (from
2005 to 2010):
– To 2010, energy intensity reduce 20% than the level of
2005;
– To 2010, total SO2 emission amount reduce 10% than the
level of 2005;
• In 2010, The energy intensity target can be reduced
about 15% than the level of 2005;
• 设定十一五期间节能减排控制目标：
– 单位GDP能源强度降低20%；
– SO2排放量降低10%；
• 2010年，能源紧张度比2005年减少15%
2,Energy Efficiency Target & Policy能效目标与
政策
2005
2006
+1.67% -1.23%
Energy
intensity
能源紧张
SO2
+1.68% +1.5%
emissions
SO2排放
2007
-3.27%
2007
-4.5%
-4.66%
-5.95%
2,Energy Efficiency Target & Policy能效目标与
政策
• How about the target in 2020?
– To 2020, energy intensity reduce 40% than the level of
2005, it’s possible?
• The total energy consumption amounts will be reached
to about 4300Mtce in 2020, if we can get the 40% energy
intensity reduction target; That means the per capita
energy consumption amount can not be achieved 4tce
(total consumption amounts about 4500Mtce), the lower
limit level of finished industry process;
• 2020年能源强度目标？-比2005年下降40%是否可行？
– 意味着能源消费总量将达到43亿吨标煤，人均能源消费量低
于完成工业化所需的4吨标煤的下限；
2,Energy Efficiency Target & Policy能效目标与
政策
• Set up the merit system for energy efficiency target
in province level ;
• And implement the assess since 2007, as will as
examine the hole target implement situation of 11 th
five year period since 2008;
• 建立各级能效目标考核制度；
• 于2007年开始开展相应的目标考核工作，并于
2008年开始增加“十一五”目标完成情况考核内
容；
2,Energy Efficiency Target & Policy能效目标与
政策
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The key point of energy efficiency target assess:
能效目标评估关键：
Implementation of annual target & total target;
年度目标和总目标执行情况
Energy saving system;节能系统
Industry frameworks adjustment;产业结构调整
Investment & key projects;
投资和主要项目
Technology development & application;
技术发展与应用
Key company & area;
主要公司与地区
Local law &regulations;
当地法律规范
Supervise, computation, awareness etc.
监理，计算，意识等
2,Energy Efficiency Target & Policy能效目标与
政策
• Set up the national prize fund of energy efficiency reform in 2007;
• 2007年设立国家能效改革奖励基金；
– 200-250Yuan/tce;
• Local fund of energy efficiency reform :
• 地方能效改革基金
– Shanghai, Xinjiang, Sanxi province etc.;
– 上海，新疆，山西等省
• Set up the national special fund of energy efficiency:
– 27 billion Yuan in 2008, and plus 14.8 billion construction fund;
• Favourable electricity price for FGD: 0.015Yuan/KWh
• 建立各种节能专项基金；
• 脱硫优惠电价；
2,Energy Efficiency Target & Policy能效目标与
政策
• Commercial policy: for EE and RE
• CHUEE project: the risk fund of IFC under WB combine
with the green loan from commercial bank in China;
• Fujian Xingye commercial bank:
– 125MUS$ risk fund with 3250MUS$ green loan, can be
generate 8.5Mt CO2 reductions;
• Shanghai Pudong developing bank:
-72.5MUS$ risk fund with 1450MUS$ green loan, can be
generate 3.5Mt CO2 reductions;
一种成功促进节能和可再生能源发展的商业化融资模式
，同时减排温室气体及SO2等大气污染物；
3,Clean Energy Target & Policy清洁能源目
标与政策
Development plan
发展计划
2005
2010
2020
Hydro水电
117GW
190GW
300GW
Wind风电
1.26GW
5GW
30GW
0.3GW
150 Mm2
1.8GW
300 Mm2
Solar power太阳能 0.07GW
Solar water heater 80 Mm2
太阳能热水器
Bio power生物能
Bio fuel生物燃料
2GW
1.07MTonne
4GW
2.2MTonne
24GW
12MTonne
Nuclear核能
6.95GW
12.53GW
44.97GW
3,Clean Energy Target & Policy清洁能源目
标与政策
• Target adjustment plan:
• The wind power target in 2020 may increase to
100GW;
• The nuclear power target in 2020 also to be increase
to 75GW, may be 100GW;
• 风电发展目标可能调整为到2020年总装机达到1亿
千瓦；
• 核电发展目标调整为到2020年总装机达到7500万
千瓦，也可能达到或超过1亿千瓦
3,Clean Energy Target & Policy清洁能源目
标与政策
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Issued the Renewable energy law in 2006;
2006年发布可再生能源法
Give the favourable price into grid for renewable energy:
可再生能源电价优惠政策：
– plus 0.25 Yuan/KWh on the price of coal power generation in 2005;
– 2005年燃煤发电价格基础上增加0.25元/KWh
• The base year need to be adjusted with high coal price in recent
years;
• 近年需按高煤价调整基准年
• Not enough for solar power;
• 太阳能不足
3,Clean Energy Target & Policy清洁能源目
标与政策
• Set up the national fund of renewable energy development in 2007;
• 2007年设立国家可再生能源发展基金
– Volunteer or favourable loan;
– 优惠贷款
• Local fund of renewable energy development:
• 地方可再生能源发展基金
– Volunteer or favourable loan in Yunnan province;
– 云南省优惠贷款
• Set up the national special fund of renewable energy utilization in
construction sector in 2008;
• 2008年设立国家建筑领域可再生能源利用专项基金。
• Local fund of renewable energy utilization in construction sector in
Chongqing;
• 重庆地方建筑领域可再生能源利用基金；
4,Climate Change Policy气候变化政策
• According to Kyoto Protocol , one key obligation for
developing country: CDM;
– China issued the CDM project management measures
in June 2006, and revised it in October 2007, to
simplify the PDD process;
– China published the baseline of power sector by DNA
in 2006, and revised it in 2007 and 2008;
– China published the baseline of super critical power
by DNA in 2008;
– 中国根据《京都议定书》的要求开展CDM项目：出
台了CDM项目管理办法；定期发布电力CDM项目基
准线等；
4,Climate Change Policy气候变化政策
• China published the National climate change
program in 2006 for 11th 5years period, & will be
start second in 2009 for 12th 5years period;
--中国已经于2006年发布十一五应对气候变化国家
方案；并于2009年开始编制十二五应对气候变化
国家方案
4,Climate Change Policy气候变化政策
• In the National climate change program of
11th 5years period, China highlight the follow
measures for GHG emission control:
– Structure adjustment;
– Energy efficiency;
– Renewable energy & Nuclear power;
• 在十一五应对气候变化国家方案中，提出了结构
调整、提高能效、发展可再生能源与核能三大减
缓温室气体排放措施
4,Climate Change Policy气候变化政策
• The CDM projects number approved by China’s DNA from
600 projects in Oct. 2006, increased to 1882 projects in
Feb. 2009;
• Renewable energy projects hold the dominant role in
CDM development in China:
– Over 50% of total projects from small hydro;
– Over 25% of total projects from wind power;
• 中国CDM项目增长迅速，官方批准的项目数量在两年
多的时间内增长了2倍多；
– 其中50%左右为小水电项目；
– 25%左右为风电项目；
5,Future development未来发展
• Continue to set up the energy intensity and SO2
reduction target in 12th and 13th five years period;
• More strict Emission standard for SO2 and N2O;
• From FGD to SCR;
• 十二五及十三五将继续节能减排政策；采取更严格的排放
标准，从脱硫到脱硝；
• National action plan and sector action plan (include
magnesium sector), according to Bali Road Map;
• 巴厘路线图—国内减缓行动；哥本哈根协议？
5,Future development未来发展
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资金需求（提高能效，发展新能源和可再生能源）：
Requirement of funds (improving energy efficiency, developing new energy and
renewable energy)
• 其约占我国2007年GDP总量的1/3，相当于我国2007年财政总收入的1.5倍，
• It accounts about one third of the total GDP of our country in 2007, equivalent to 1.5
times of the total financial revenue of our country in 2007,
--2005-2020年单位GDP能耗减低40%（如果优化产业结构可以实现）的资金需求为4.3
万亿元；
--The requirement of funds (if the optimizing industrial structure could be realized) is 4,300
billion yuan for reducing 40% of the unit GDP energy consumption from 2005 to 2020;
--2005-2020年可再生能源资金需求为3.17万亿元；
--The requirement of funds for renewable energy is 3,170 billion yuan from 2005 to 2020;
--2005-2020年核电资金需求为和0.84万亿元；
The requirement of funds for nuclear power from 2005 to 2020 is 840 billion yuan;
5,Future development未来发展
• 技术设备需求（提高能效，发展新能源和可再生能源）：
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Technical equipment requirements (improving energy efficiency, developing new energy and
renewable energy):
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十大节能工程相关技术设备，包括各种新型工业窑炉、工业锅炉、热电联产设备、高效电机
、交通设备、照明设备、建筑材料等多个方面；
Relevant technical equipment for ten big energy saving projects, including all kinds of new type
industrial furnaces, industrial boilers, combined heat and power equipment, high efficiency motors,
traffic equipment, lighting equipment and building materials etc.;
上大压小相关技术设备，包括电力、钢铁、水泥等高耗能行业的大型设备；
Relevant technical equipment for keeping and promoting large generators and holding or closing
down small generators, including large equipment in high energy consumption industries such as
power, steel and cement industries;
可再生能源相关技术设备，包括水电、风电、太阳能与生物质能利用等技术设备；
Relevant technical equipment of renewable energy, including technical equipment of hydropower,
wind power, utilization of solar energy and biomass energy etc.;
核电相关技术设备，包括AP1000等新一代核电技术设备；
Relevant nuclear power technical equipment, including new generation nuclear power technical
equipment such as AP1000 etc.;
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5,Future development未来发展
• 能源投资与技术设备需求：
• Requirements on energy investment and technical equipment:
--每年3000-8000万千瓦新增电力装机，约需要1.5-4万亿投资；
-- An increase of 30 to 80 GW power installation capacity annually, requiring
the investment of about 1,500 to 4,000 billion yuan;
--石油和天然气管道建设：中-俄/中哈/西气东输等；
-- Oil and gas pipelines construction: China-Russia/China-Kazakhstan/westeast gas transmission etc.
--炼厂建设：2020年比2005年石油消费量翻一番，天然气消费量翻两番以
上，需大量新增石油炼制设备；
--Construction of refineries: the oil consumption in 2020 will be twice that in
2005, gas consumption will be more than four times in 2020 than that in
2005, and a great amount of oil refining equipment are required to be
increased;
5,Future development未来发展
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对设备监理的要求（以提高技术水平及设备制造能力，保障设备运行安
全为目标）：
Requirements for plant engineering consultancy (with the goal of improving
technical standards and guaranteeing the safety of equipment operation):
加强能源领域技术创新；
Strengthening technical innovation in energy field;
提高能源领域设备制造监理水平，保证设备生产及运行质量；
Improving the consulting engineering level of equipment manufacture in
energy field, and ensuring the quality of equipment manufacture and
operation;
进一步提高节能、可再生能源等领域的监察能力
Further improving the supervision capability in fields of energy saving and
renewable energy etc.
• Thanks!谢谢！
• E-mail: [email protected]