Transcript Slide 1 - the Katoomba Group

Welcome and Introduction
• Course Introduction and Guidelines
• Participant Introduction:
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Organization
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Geographic region of work
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Reason for participation
• Group Activity
Katoomba Group Training Initiative
Climate Change, Markets and Services
Film Screening
• Guiding Questions:
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What did you think of this film and why?
Is there any information here that you disagree with?
What new information did you learn? Was there anything surprising?
How are these issues relevant to your line of work?
How are these issues relevant to your geographic region?
• Discussion:
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If this is so urgent, why aren’t more people concerned?
Is there a solution? If so, what is it?
Are we on the right path to making positive changes?
Will economic incentives be enough, or will it involve a shift in mindset?
Katoomba Group Training Initiative
Climate Change, Markets and Services
Climate Change: The Basics
• Concepts:
– Climate change and global Warming: concept and origins
– Greenhouse effect: definition and global trends
– Greenhouse gases: types, origins and their contribution to global warming
• Causes of climate change:
– Increase in Greenhouse gases
– Pollution (Industrial revolution and ongoing development)
– Land use change
• Social, ecological and economic effects of climate change
• Mitigation Techniques
Katoomba Group Training Initiative
Climate Change, Markets and Services
Historical and Political Context of Climate Change
• Climate change, GHG Emissions and the disparities between
developed and developing nations
• History:
– 1972: United Nations Conference on the Human Environment – Stockholm
Conference
– 1988: Creation of IPCC, concept, function, importance and reports
– 1992: Earth Summit, ECO-92 and the Creation of UNFCCC
– 1997: The Kyoto Protocol, definition, history and flexible mechanisms
– COP meetings from Rome to Copenhagen
– The Copenhagen Accord
Katoomba Group Training Initiative
Climate Change, Markets and Services
Introduction to Ecosystem Services
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Ecosystem services: basic concepts
Definition of PES
Class discussion: potential types of environmental services
Types of ecosystem services (definitions)
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Biodiversity conservation
Carbon sequestration and stocks
Climate regulation
Cultural preservation
• Estimates of valuing environmental services
Katoomba Group Training Initiative
Climate Change, Markets and Services
Forests, Carbon Sequestration, and Storage
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Forest types (by geography and age)
Calculating carbon stocks
Role of forests in climate change mitigation
REDD: history, opportunities and limitations
The three REDD bottlenecks: scale, baseline and funding
REDD +
Katoomba Group Training Initiative
Climate Change, Markets and Services
Water and Biodiversity
• Role of biodiversity as an ecosystem service
• Role of water as an ecosystem service
• Relationship of water and biodiversity to forests and carbon
sequestration
• Natural, social, and economic connection between carbon,
water, and biodiversity
• Types of environmental services and scales
Katoomba Group Training Initiative
Climate Change, Markets and Services
Drivers of Deforestation and Degradation
• Identification of common proximate and root causes and
an understanding of their underlying connections
• Forest degradation cycles
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fire
logging
cattle ranching
palm plantation
• The effects of deforestation and degradation drivers on PES
project implementation
Katoomba Group Training Initiative
Climate Change, Markets and Services
Payments for Ecosystem Services
• PES: strategy for reconciling for environmental conservation
with economic concerns
• Basic technical aspects: additionality, baselines, leakage,
permanence, measuring and monitoring
• Regional project examples
Katoomba Group Training Initiative
Climate Change, Markets and Services
Carbon Markets Overview
• Carbon credits
• Types of carbon markets: compliance and voluntary
• Key players in the carbon markets and international, national,
and regional programs
Katoomba Group Training Initiative
Climate Change, Markets and Services
International Markets and Environmental Services
• Key actors in international markets for PES
• Global market trends and the global economy
Katoomba Group Training Initiative
Climate Change, Markets and Services
Institutional Aspects of PES
• Identify existing institutional stakeholders and their
relationships
• Review the rights, responsibilities, roles, and returns for
different stakeholders
Katoomba Group Training Initiative
Climate Change, Markets and Services
Political, Legal, and Financial aspects
• Political context: a review of national and/or state or city level
policies and programs related to PES
• Existing frameworks, key individuals and national programs
• Potential legal barriers and enabling mechanisms
• Evaluating Costs of ES
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Economic Value
Financial Value
Transaction Costs
Buyers
Katoomba Group Training Initiative
Climate Change, Markets and Services
Social Considerations
• Social and community benefits and risks associated with PES
projects
• Prior, free and informed consent
• Guidelines for Social Impact Assessment evaluations
• Cultural considerations and managing community
expectations
Katoomba Group Training Initiative
Climate Change, Markets and Services
How to Design a PES Project
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Definition of particular ES and scale
Selection site
Land ownership and other legal aspects
Community engagement
Scoping analysis
PDD creation
Methodology
Identifying team members
Monitoring and evaluation plans (social, economic and environmental)
Certification
Cost estimates and funding
Project Timeline and Schedule
Planning payments: how much, how often, what type of payment, and to
whom?
Katoomba Group Training Initiative
Climate Change, Markets and Services
Community Engagement
• Understanding the cultural context:
– Cultural sensitivity
– Community leadership
– Community groups
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Indigenous peoples rights
Free, prior and informed consent
Assessing communities: needs, roles and responsibilities
Sharing benefits: equity and fairness
Strategy for capacity building on ES
Planning Impact assessments
Community role: Active participants, supervisors and
project monitors
Katoomba Group Training Initiative
Climate Change, Markets and Services
Group Activity
• Overview of a REDD case study
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Review and evaluation of the project
Role of stakeholders (NGOs, community, and government dynamics)
Ultimate goals vs. ultimate outcomes.
Lessons from existing projects and ideas for future initiatives.
• Overview of a water case study
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Review and evaluation of key projects
Role of stakeholders (NGOs, community, and government dynamics)
Ultimate goals vs. ultimate outcomes.
Lessons from existing projects and ideas for future initiatives.
Katoomba Group Training Initiative
Climate Change, Markets and Services
Course Evaluation and Conclusion
• Final Questions and Comments
• Next Steps
Katoomba Group Training Initiative
Climate Change, Markets and Services