Transcript CMM_5 - USAID LEAF

Section 5.
National Scale Monitoring Systems
USAID LEAF
Regional Climate Change Curriculum Development
Module: Carbon Measurement and Monitoring (CMM)
Name
Affiliation
Name
Affiliation
Deborah Lawrence, Co-lead
University of Virginia
Megan McGroddy, Co-lead
University of Virginia
Bui The Doi, Co-lead
Vietnam Forestry University
Ahmad Ainuddin Nuruddin
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Prasit Wang, Co-lead
Chiang Mai University,
Thailand
Mohd Nizam Said
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Sapit Diloksumpun
Kasetsart University, Thailand
Pimonrat Tiansawat
Chiang Mai University, Thailand
Pasuta Sunthornhao
Kasetsart University, Thailand
Panitnard Tunjai
Chiang Mai University, Thailand
Wathinee Suanpaga
Kasetsart University, Thailand
Lawong Balun
University of Papua New Guinea
Jessada Phattralerphong
Kasetsart University, Thailand
Mex Memisang Peki
PNG University of Technology
Pham Minh Toai
Vietnam Forestry University
Kim Soben
Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia
Nguyen The Dzung
Vietnam Forestry University
Pheng Sokline
Royal University of Phnom Penh,
Cambodia
Nguyen Hai Hoa
Vietnam Forestry University
Seak Sophat
Royal University of Phnom Penh,
Cambodia
Le Xuan Truong
Vietnam Forestry University
Choeun Kimseng
Royal University of Phnom Penh,
Cambodia
Phan Thi Quynh Nga
Vinh University, Vietnam
Rajendra Shrestha
Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
Erin Swails
Winrock International
Ismail Parlan
FRIM Malaysia
Sarah Walker
Winrock International
Nur Hajar Zamah Shari
FRIM Malaysia
Sandra Brown
Winrock International
Samsudin Musa
FRIM Malaysia
Karen Vandecar
US Forest Service
Ly Thi Minh Hai
USAID LEAF Vietnam
Geoffrey Blate
US Forest Service
David Ganz
USAID LEAF Bangkok
Chi Pham
USAID LEAF Bangkok
I
II
III
OVERVIEW: CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOREST CARBON
1.1
Overview: Tropical Forests and Climate Change
1.2
Tropical forests, the global carbon cycle and climate change
1.3
Role of forest carbon and forests in global climate negotiations
1.4
Theoretical and practical challenges for forest-based climate mitigation
FOREST CARBON STOCKS AND CHANGE
2.1
Overview of forest carbon pools (stocks)
2.2
Land use, land use change, and forestry (LULUCF) and CO2 emissions and sequestration
2.3
Overview of Forest Carbon Measurement and Monitoring
2.4
IPCC approach for carbon measurement and monitoring
2.5
Reference levels – Monitoring against a baseline (forest area, forest emissions)
2.6
Establishing Lam Dong’s Reference Level for Provincial REDD+ Action Plan : A Case Study
CARBON MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING DESIGN
3.1
IV
V
Considerations in developing a monitoring system
CARBON STOCK MEASUREMENT METHODS
4.1
Forest Carbon Measurement and Monitoring
4.2
Design of field sampling framework for carbon stock inventory
4.3
Plot Design for Carbon Stock Inventory
4.4
Forest Carbon Field Measurement Methods
4.5
Carbon Stock Calculations and Available Tools
4.6
Creating Activity Data and Emission Factors
4.7
Carbon Emission from Selective Logging
4.8
Monitoring non-CO2 GHGs
NATIONAL SCALE MONITORING SYSTEMS

Lecture
40 minutes

Class exercises (2)
25 minutes total

Homework (2)

References

Review of the goals of the REDD+ program

The role of MRV in REDD+ (NFMSs)

The pillars of the NFMS

The phases of REDD+ project implementation

Examples of NFIs
At the end of this session, learners will be able to:

Link the methods and principles discussed in earlier lectures
to the needs of a National-scale MRV program

Explain the importance of and the actions involved in
Measurement, Verification and Reporting as related to the
REDD+ program

Describe the three pillars of a National Forest Monitoring
System
REDD+ activities aim to reduce GHG emissions from the forest
sector in developing countries, with the support of a fair positive
incentives system for participating developing countries while
applying the principles encouraged by the UNFCCC.
Measurement, Reporting and Verification
In the context of REDD+ refers to the estimation and
international reporting of national-scale forest emissions and
removals
“…establish, according to national circumstances and capabilities, robust and
transparent national forest monitoring systems and, if appropriate, subnational systems as part of national forest monitoring systems that:
i.
Use a combination of remote sensing and ground-based forest carbon
inventory approaches for estimating, as appropriate, anthropogenic
forest-related greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by
sinks, forest carbon stocks and forest area changes [Monitoring and
Measurement];
ii.
Provide estimates that are transparent, consistent, as far as possible
accurate, and that reduce uncertainties, taking into account national
capabilities and capacities; [Reporting]
iii.
Are transparent and their results are available and suitable for review as
agreed by the Conference of the Parties;”[Verification].
Three important principles underpin the UN-REDD NFMS
Strategy:
a.
National ownership
b.
Building on existing systems and capacities
c.
Consistency with the UNFCCC process
Three main components, or ‘pillars’:
1.
the satellite land monitoring system (SLMS);
2.
the national forest inventory (NFI); and
3.
the national GHG inventory.

Break into small groups and discuss how you think the SLMS
and NFI relate to activity data and emissions factors.

Have the class come back together and report their ideas and
see if the class is in agreement. If not let the students debate
their ideas.

15 minutes
Satellite Land
Monitoring
System
National Forest
Inventory
GHG Inventory
Satellite Land
Monitoring
System

Satellite remote sensing can be a
useful and cost effective tool for
collecting data on forest area
changes.

The UN-REDD NFMS Strategy
promotes satellite remote sensing as
a central tool for monitoring for
REDD+, in the form of a Satellite
Land Monitoring System (SLMS)

Under the UN-REDD NFMS Strategy,
an NFI is considered an important
tool for measuring forest carbon
stocks and stock changes within the
MRV function of the NFMS

In general, countries should aim to
generate country-specific EFs
through the implementation of their
NFI and therefore be in a position to
comply with Tier 2 reporting of their
GHG inventory
National Forest
Inventory

GHG Inventory

The GHG inventory is a highly useful
tool to provide a good framework for
estimating and reporting GHG
emissions and removals for the
forest sector.
Within the GHG inventory emissions
by sources and removals by sinks,
uncertainty estimates are provided
using data on land use through the
SLMS and data on carbon stock
changes from the NFI.
Net emissions per year
Forest Reference Emission
Levels and Reference Levels
(RELs/RLs) are benchmarks
for assessing countries’
performance in
implementing REDD+
activities.
Historical
emissions
linear
projection
historical average
Initiation of REDD+ Activities
1990
2000
2010
Year
2020
2030
2040
Reference Levels determine

Reference Levels

Have the class divide into groups. Each group will be given a
graph of historical emissions from deforestation/ forest
degradation for one country. Have the students come up
with the best approach to determine a reference level that is
fair to all stakeholders

Give the students 10 min start in class and have them finish
the project as homework and present in the next class or as a
report

Involves the planning and development of tools for
the Monitoring function for REDD+.

It includes the selection of technical systems,
capacity building and technology transfer, and the
testing of methods

Also defining national REDD+ policies, measures and
institutional arrangements, and developing an
action plan for the NFMS.

Implementation of the national REDD+ policies and
measures lead to results–based demonstration
activities, monitoring of demonstration activities is
required.

Monitoring during Phase 2 will also provide
information on land use and land use changes over
areas where demonstration activities are being
implemented, and allow the SLMS to be tested and
refined prior to its full national implementation.

Monitoring for REDD+ will ultimately be expanded to
cover the national territory to assess the outcomes
of REDD+ activities being implemented.

The fully developed REDD+ monitoring system could
also be the basis for the distribution of positive
incentives, by aiming to distribute resources based
on results achieved at the scale of individual
activities
For the monitoring of
REDD+ activities,
countries can define
their own specific
methods, criteria and
indicators to reflect their
particular national
circumstances.

For the monitoring of REDD+ activities, countries can
define their own specific methods, criteria and
indicators to reflect their particular national
circumstances.

Monitoring for REDD+ could be based on new tools
(e.g. a monitoring system based on satellite remote
sensing, as in Brazil) or on monitoring tools that
already exist within the forestry sector, or a
combination of the two

General Forest Inventory & Statistics Program (GFI&S) based
on remote sensing inputs

Annual Forest & Forestry Land Changes Monitoring Program
not map based

National Forest Inventory, Monitoring & Assessment Program
(NFIMAP) a combination of field inventories and remote
sensing inputs

Last national forest inventory 30+ years ago

NFMS planning includes setting up a the Brazilian National
Forest Inventory (NFI). The field inventory will be carried out
along a systematic sample grid of clustered plots every 0.18
degrees ( approximately 20km by 20km at the equator).

Brazil does have 3 forest monitoring systems based on remote
sensing

PRODES: Processes Landsat CBERs and DRC satellite data
provides annual inventory of clear-cutting activity

DETER Real-time detection of deforestation biweekly

DEGRAD (Mapping Forest Degradation in the Brazilian
Amazon) annual assessment of forest degradation for the
Amazon

The final component –
Verification – has not yet been
fully developed as no countries
have reached Phase 3 of REDD.

Verification will require that all
the components of the
measurement and reporting
steps are transparent, clear and
consistent

MRV is a key component of the REDD+ program

The UNFCCC has developed a NFS framework for REDD+
composed of a SLMS, NFI as the monitoring/measuring
components and the GHG Inventory as the reporting
mechanism

Each countries REDD+ program will be tailored by the
country itself to reflect historical trends in deforestation,
technological capacity and locally important drivers of
deforestation and degradation

Have students use the UNREDD website and other
resources to report on the current status (Phase and
capabilities with respect to determining forest area and
rates of LULUC) for the country of their choice.

Have the students write a short report or present their
findings in the next class depending on class size
Nguyen Dinh Hung 2013 Designing NFMS for REDD+ in Vietnam. 4th
UN-REDD Regional Lessons Learned Workshop National Forest
Monitoring System for REDD+ Bangkok, Thailand, 15-17 October 2013
UN-REDD Programme. 2013. National Forest Monitoring Systems:
Monitoring and Measurement, Reporting and Verification (M &
MRV)in the context of REDD+ Activities. FAO