Transcript Institute of Hazrat Mohammad (SAW)

Institute of Hazrat Mohammad (SAW)
SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR CLIMATE – INDUCED MIGRATION
Bangladesh Scenario
Barrister Rizwana Yusuf
Director Administration & Member Legal Department
Institute of Hazrat Mohammad (SAW)
Presented at
The Civil Society Policy Dialogue
World Bank Spring Meeting
April 16, 2011
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FORM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S DESK
“Rather than resolving conflict the modality and approaches have
created newer, wider and varied crises inflicting humanity with
sufferings. All of us need a moment to stop and reflect on the great
religions that Almighty gave Mankind to guide them- towards
understanding the unified design and concept of Divine will by relating
to the harmony in nature and universe and how man is an integral
part of the entire system”
“Today terror and tragedy have struck us and made us more aware of
our vulnerability and our own mortality. We are living through a time
of testing consequence. Our intellect is unequal to the task, faith must
take over.”
AHMAD SHAFI MAQSOOD
Founder & Executive Director
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The Reality of Migration : “CLIMIGRATION”
• Migration is one of the most challenging consequences that residents, as well as local
and national governments, face due to climate change.
• Flooding, deforestation, erosion and a rising sea-level are the primary causes of
displacing populations.
• Climigration is forcing communities to permanently relocate with no possibilities of
return.
• People dislocated are forced to migrate to new locations (urban slums) where their
health suffers drastically due to poor sanitation, insufficient food supply and lack of
livelihood opportunities.
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Migration in Bangladesh due to Climate Change
• An estimated one million people are displaced annually in
Bangladesh.
• 1990 - 2000, the urban population in Bangladesh
experienced an annual average growth rate of 5.6%. (IOM)
• Urban growth in Bangladesh has now evolved into
dislocation and displacement.
• The urban slum population is growing at an estimated rate
of 4.2% per year, due to low or loss of income BECAUSE of
climate change and environment degradation impact of
river erosion, floods and cyclone. (IOM)
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The influx of rural to urban migration in search of subsistence continues
unabated and contributes to 60% of the urban growth.
WorldBank
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Impact on Poverty
• The movement of population from rural to urban environment has generated increased
poverty and related consequences.
• The poverty still hovers over 40% .
• The strategies for reducing poverty would become futile exercises of isolated efforts.
• It would also affect women’s empowerment, child labor and
preventing communicable diseases
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Key Findings of Institute Study
• Women face sever marginalization.
• They are forced to earn in any manner.
• Harassments
• Trafficking, prostitution, drugs and other crimes.
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Key Findings of Institute … cont
• Crowded, claustrophobic
unhygienic living conditions.
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and
severely
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Key Findings of Institute … cont
Children have virtually no access to education and mostly spend
their days wandering, begging and sometimes also getting involved
in petty crimes.
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Key Findings of Institute … cont
Reasons for Migration
poverty
10%
20%
20%
Harassments
natural calamity
Sidr, flood
50%
Additional
Income
Police
18%
others
(incl. Ramadan)
Prostitution
46%
18%
Other forms of
harassment
None
18%
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Key Findings of Institute … cont
Existence of Legal Guardian
No
guardian
27%
73%
Access to Health Services
With
Guardian
13%
34%
13%
40%
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Govt. Hospital
or clinic
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Local Clinic
Other
free
treatments
No Medical
Support
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Analysis of Key Findings
• Poverty and discrimination due to population dislocation.
• Lack of national policy, strategy and implementation.
• National Housing Policy (1993).
• Mainstreaming resettlement policy within the human
development agenda.
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Analysis of Key Findings … continued
• The study found exploitation of children and lack of child rights realization.
• Population mobility and displacement aftermath of natural disaster is a perpetuating
issue.
• Situation needs to be addressed through country coordination
mechanism.
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Legal and Institutional Framework
Policies on Migration:
• In 1976, the Bureau of Manpower, Employment and Training (BMET) created.
• Emigration Ordinance in 1982 passed.
• Unfortunately the existing framework does not comprehensively
deal with the internal dislocated population due to climate
change.
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Legal and Institutional Framework
Poverty Reduction Policies:
• Revised National Strategy for Accelerated Poverty Reduction FY2009-2011
(NSAPR-II) , the five-year development plan (2011-2016) and Vision 2021.
• Caring for the environment and tackling climate change is included in NSAPR-II‘s
• Urbanization and the urban environment are also included in the strategy.
• However, it fails to identify rural-urban migrants as a specific vulnerable group.
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Legal and Institutional Framework
Environment and Climate Change strategies:
• National Environmental Management Action Plan (1996).
• National Capacity Self-Assessment (NCSA) for Global Environmental Management
(2007)
• National Water Policy (1999)
• Guidelines for Participatory Water Management.
• Draft National Plan for Disaster Management (2008) acknowledges particular
vulnerabilities related to migration.
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• However, longer-term migration patterns in disaster-prone regions need
to be studied in detail.
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Legal and Institutional Framework
Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP 2009)
• The BCCSAP highlights the need to diminished the displacement of large numbers
of people.
• Highlights monitoring and capacity building programs for livelihood management.
• But Migration issues are yet to be integrated with environmental, disaster
management and climate change policies.
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Recommendations from the Institute
• To solve the housing and shelter issues:
• It is important that these people are brought under a National Housing Policy and
a Scheme.
• Under such scheme shelter homes/ apartments may be constructed on which
slums and squatters exists or shifted to other areas.
• An estimated cost of replacing ah family to such a shelter apartment of about 200-300
sq. feet with basic utility and sanitation facilities may cost around US $5000.
• These shelter apartments may also be constructed near industrial zones through
corporate initiatives as a process of Public Private Partnership (PPP).
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Recommendations from the Institute
• Ensure
participatory and engaging primary stakeholder in the planning and
implementation of the humanitarian programs for displaced population.
• Utilizing mass media campaign for raising awareness on adaptation measures.
• Management of Information System for monitoring of progress, data collection and
information dissemination.
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Recommendations from the Institute
• Training on livelihood skills.
• National Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper II to address the issues of chronic mobility of
dislocated population.
• National Strategy to be adopted for a horizontal and multi-sectoral approaches for a
sustainable program on the issue of climigration / climate induced dislocation.
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We should remember that our Creator has created nature in a balance and mankind's responsibility
is to maintain this fragile equilibrium through wise governance and sound personal conduct.
Thus, it is our civil and moral duty to assist the climate induced migrants in their fight for survival. In
the words of Our Creator stated in the Holy Quran:
“It is not righteousness that ye turn your faces towards East or West; but it is righteousness- to
believe in God and the Last Day, and the Angels, and the Book, and the Messengers; to spend of your
substance, out of love for Him, for your kin, for orphans, for the needy, for the wayfarer, for those
who ask, and for the ransom of slaves; to be steadfast in prayer, and practice regular charity; to fulfil
the contracts which ye have made; and to be firm and patient, in pain (or suffering) and adversity,
and throughout all periods of panic. Such are the people of truth, the God-fearing.”
Holy Quran ( Surah Al Baqarah: Verse 177)
“The world is beautiful and verdant, and verily Allah, the Exalted, has made you His stewards in it,
and He sees how you acquit yourselves.”
Prophet Mohammad SAW
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Thank You
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A Beacon of Inspiration & Blessings
Soul receives from soul that
knowledge, therefore not by book
nor from tongue.
If knowledge of mysteries come after
emptiness of mind, that is
Illumination of heart.
Jalaladdin Rumi
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