Transcript The Role of Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture in - UCLG-MEWA

Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA):
an important strategy to build Resilient Cities
UCLG-MEWA Conference:
Sustainable Cities Forum
Malatya, 13-14 November 2015
René van Veenhuizen, RUAF FOUNDATION
THE RUAF FOUNDATION
• International network of Resource centers on Urban Agriculture and Food
security: www.ruaf.org
• Since 1999, Working in and around 40+ cities
• Local partners and Municipalities; Regional and International partners
Collaborating
with local partners and cities on:
- Planning resilient urban food systems
- Food security and social inclusion
- Short food chains and local economy
- Resource recycling
- City adaptation to climate change
Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA)
• Agricultural production (crops, trees, livestock, fish) in and
around urban areas for food (vegetables, eggs, milk, meat, ..)
and other products (e.g. medicinal and aromatic herbs, fodder,
fuel, flowers and ornamental plants, water storage, a/o)….
• And related inputs supply, transport, processing, marketing
and support services…
• Often combined with other functions (recreation, urban
greening, recycling of wastes, capturing CO2, etcetera), as part
of the urban system
Diversity
Many manifestations of
Urban agriculture systems
Multiple Benefits
ECOLOGICAL
(Healthy City)
SOCIAL
(Inclusive City)
Multi-functional urban agriculture
• Urban Greening
• Recreational services
• Productive Use of Urban Wastes
• Reduction of Urban Ecological Footprint
• Improved Urban Micro-climate
• Management of Landscape and
Biodiversity
• Climate Change
Subsistence oriented urban
agriculture
• Food Security & Nutrition
• Poverty Alleviation
• Social Inclusion
• Community Building
• HIV-AIDS Mitigation
• Social Safety Net
Market oriented urban agriculture
• Income Generation
• Employment Generation
• Enterprise Development
• Market chain development
ECONOMIC
(Productive City )
Role of UPA in creating sustainable cities
RELATING UPA and FOOD to ACTUAL URBAN CHALLENGES
1. Growing food insecurity and
malnutrition in cities
2. Growing urban poverty and
social exclusion
3. Growing need to enhance
resilience of the cities and
reduce climate
change/disaster risks and
ecological foot print
4. Growing waste management
problems
5. Growing need for green spaces
and recreational services for the
urban population
City-Region Food Systems
City-Region Food Systems concept emerged on international
policy agendas
 World Urban Forum7, Medellín, 7-11 April 2014,
 FAO, ISU, CFS Civil Society Mechanism, Communitas Coalition,
RUAF Foundation, ILO, IFAD, UNCDF, IUFN, ICLEI, Global Food
Security Cluster, UN Rapporteur for Right to Food
 April 2015 Seoul Declaration: 100 Mayors call to “encourage
sustainable urban food production projects and resilient city
region food system programmes”.
 Milan Urban Food Policy Pact: over 100 cities world wide
committed to signing a commitment and framework for action
to develop urban food policies to tackle issues
City-Region Food Systems: Focus and Scope
 Food production, processing,
marketing and consumption
 Urban centres, surrounding
peri-urban and rural
hinterland i.e. the “foodshed”
 Exchange and flows of food,
people, goods,
nutrients/waste and
ecosystem services (urban
metabolism)
 Urban-rural linkages; nexus
between people, agriculture,
biodiversity, water and energy
CityFoodTools
project
Food for the Cities
Programme
Milan Urban Food Policy Pact
Governance of food
systems
Food production
Food supply and
distribution
Sustainable diets
and nutrition
Poverty alleviation
Food waste
Joint RUAF-FAO initiative on City-Region
Food System assessment
CityFoodTools project
RUAF with FAO and Wilfred Laurier
Centre on Sustainable Food Systems
FAO’s Food for Cities and RUAF:
Building food secure and resilient
city regions.
CityFoodTools
project
Food for the Cities
Programme
STRATEGIES THAT CITIES APPLY TO PROMOTE
URBAN AGRICULTURE AND CITY RESILIENCE
 Creation of an enabling policy environment
(Recognition and formal acceptance, adapt legislation,
create institutional home, participatory city planning, Food Policy)
 Enhancing availability and access to land and use security (Mapping,
Zoning, Tax incentives, Temporary Agreements, Land banks)
 Reducing health and environmental risks
(Coordination, Zoning, Awareness, Active pollution Control)
 Support to farmers organisation and participation
 Access to finance, stimulate markets and
entrepreneurship (youth involvement,
extension support, value chain development
financing institutions, farmers markets).
Integration of (productive) green infrastructure in city
development planning approach: city networks with multiple
compact urban centres and interconnected green corridors and
wedges
Preserve areas, and best soils in the city region for
agricultural or multi-functional use
Lima (Peru) applies transfer of building rights to reduce the
pressure on peri-urban agricultural land
“Green heart” in the Netherlands (area between Amsterdam,
Utrecht, Rotterdam, The Hague): conversion of agricultural
land to other uses is not allowed.
Bulawayo, Zimbabwe: enhancing
access to water and support
to peri-urban farmers
Modification of land use codes/building regulations and
financial incentives to accommodate urban farming in the city
• Rotterdam (The Netherlands)
promotes urban agriculture as part
of social, rehabilitation of industrial
areas housing and new urban
developments
• Seattle (USA) adapted its building
regulations to enable roof top
gardening ; Kathmandu seeks to
have 20% rooftop coverage by 2016
• Governador Valadares (Brazil)
exempts property tax for
landowners who make idle land in
the city available for farming.
Connecting flows
Lima, Peru
1. Participatory design of multi-functional
“productive parks”
2. Reuse of wastewater to irrigate parks
and urban forests (greening; recreation;
income generation through community
nurseries)
Istanbul, Turkey
Gürpınar and Büyükçekmece in Istanbul
Contribution to Improve Employment
Opportunities and Provide Food Security
of Groups Under Risk Through Urban
Agriculture
2005-2006.
EU, ISKUR, and NGO
Amman and Mafraq, Jordan
With Dutch
Municipalities, Amman,
and Mafraq Governerate.
Develop infrastructure
and small gardening
activities in camp and
rapidly developing
municipalities.
Gaza, Palestine
Collaborate with SDC and
Oxfam in:
-Refocusing Agriculture to
short food chains
-Policy analysis and
adaption
-Value chain development
(M4P).
-Solar energy
-Wastewater use for
fodder production
Beijing, China
• Protection of agricultural
land within city region
• Increased investment in periurban agriculture
• Promotion of various types
of multi-functional
agriculture (enterprise and
community based)
• Strips of urban forests along
all major roads to reduce
urban heat, dust, CO2 and
winds
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Intra urban: green spaces/parks, agroexhibitions, allotment gardens
Sub-urban: sightseeing, agro-parks, ecoeducation, landscape management
Plains: intensive high tech agriculture and
livestock keeping
Mountainous areas: village based agrotourism, ecological protection, cultural
heritage
Belo Horizonte, Brazil
• Major urban agriculture programme
(as part of national Zero Hunger policy)
• Promotion of small scale organic
urban horticulture (technical assistance,
credit , certification, farmers’ markets)
• Support to associative food enterprises
• Local food procurement by government
offices and social programmes)
Thank you