Transcript What are the key population issues in Africa

The health and development benefits of
Family Planning: Implications for Kenya
of New findings from the Lancet and
other studies
Violet I. Murunga, James Ciera and Nyokabi R. Musila
Presented at the
Population Association of Kenya, 4th Population Conference
Nairobi, Kenya (October 23-25, 2012)
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Benefits of FP in SSA and Kenya
1. Family planning averts maternal deaths
• In 2008, family planning averted 88,227 death in
Africa (32%), and 6,172 in Kenya (52%)
– without contraceptive use, the number of global
maternal deaths would have been 1.8 times higher
than reported (614,000 relative to 342,203)
• Meeting unmet need for family planning would
save an 29% of deaths globally and in Sub-Saharan
Africa
Global and regional statistics on maternal deaths
averted in 2008 by contraceptive use
CPR(%)
64.2
Maternal deaths
342,203
Maternal
deaths averted
272,040
Developed
75.0
1,038
1,578
60·3
Developing
62.9
341,165
270,461
44·2
SSA
22.1
188,062
88,227
31·9
Kenya
44.4
5,659
6,172
52·2
South Africa
62.1
2,409
3,402
58·5
Ghana
22.3
2,824
1,554
35·5
Niger
11.7
6,070
1,707
21·9
World
Source: Ahmed S, Li Q, Lui L. and Tsui A. The Lancet (2012)
% of maternal
deaths averted (%)
44·3
Benefits …
2. Family Planning can reduce the risk of child death
• If births were spaced at least two years apart
– Deaths among children infants under one year old
would decline by 10%
– Deaths among children aged 1-4 would decline by
20%
– Deaths under five years would decline by 13%
• If birth intervals are at least 3 years, there would be
25% less deaths of children younger than five
Benefits …
3. FP is a Cost-effective Investment
• $1.0 spent to meet all contraceptive needs, in
developing regions, would save $1.40 in costs of
maternal & newborn health care.
• In Sub Saharan Africa the saving is about $1.00 to
$1.30
– In 2012, costs of modern contraceptive use is $576
million, resulting in savings of $749 million
– If all current unmet need is met, total costs of modern
contraception would be $2.9 billion per year year,
yielding savings of $3.8 billion
Source: Adding It Up – Guttmacher Institute and UNFPA
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Investing in family planning over a period of 10 years
could lead to savings in the cost of providing maternal
and child health care in Kenya
300
Total Savings $271M
Malaria $8M
250
Maternal Health
$75M
US$ (millions)
200
150
Water and Sanitation
$36M
Immunization $37M
100
Total cost of FP $71M
50
Education
$115M
0
Source: Health Policy Initiative (2006)
Benefits …
4. Family planning helps slow reduce unwanted
fertility and slow down rapid population growth
• Increase of 15% in contraceptive use is generally associated
with a reduction of one child in fertility.
• FP program can reduce Fertility by up to 1.5 Children per
Woman over the childbearing cycle (Matlab Bangladesh
study).
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Benefits…
5. FP helps reduce child dependency burden and
increase working age population and economic
productivity
–
–
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–
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Currently, 42% of Kenyans are aged under 15 years.
A decrease in child mortality and fertility will decrease the dependent
population (children).
The created bulge of youth will lead to an increase in working group
age population.
Family planning empowers women and allows them to participate
in economic activities more
With appropriate investments in human capital, the youth bulge will
herald demographic bonus which would hit its peak in the next few
decades.
Benefits …
6. Family planning helps enhance environmental
preservation.
• Rapid population growth contributes to depletion
of natural resources such as forests and water
resources
• Rapid Population growth also leads to
fragmentation and overuse of agricultural land
– Meeting the unmet need for contraception in Kenya alongside
implementing effective climate change adaptation policies
would help mitigate the adverse environmental effects of rapid
population growth.
Rapid population growth is compounding effects of climate
change and undermining the capacity of communities to adapt
to its adverse effects and fight poverty
Population growth and climate change hotspots
Conclusion
• The findings clearly demonstrates the
importance of FP in promoting health and
development and environmental preservation.
• More commitment is needed to promote
family planning as well as the integration of
family planning and population dynamics in
other development sectors.
Presenting the Malawi Report to the Vice
President & the Minister of Environment
and Climate Change Management
Thank You
www.afidep.org
[email protected]
[email protected]
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